CONTENTS 



CHAPTER XV 



Valparaiso — Portillo Pass — Sagacity of mules — Mountain -torrents — Mines, how 

 discovered — Proofs of the gradual elevation of the Cordillera — Effect of snow 

 on rocks — Geological structure of the two main ranges, their distinct origin and 

 upheaval — Great subsidence — Red snow — Winds — Pinnacles of snow — Dry and 

 clear atmosphere — Electricity — Pampas — Zoology of the opposite sides of the 

 Andes — Locusts — Great Bugs — Mendoza — Uspallata Pass — Silicified trees 

 buried as they grew — Incas Bridge — Badness of the passes exaggerated — 

 Cumbre — Casuchas — Valparaiso .... Pages 334-359 



CHAPTER XVI 



Coast-road to Coquimbo — Great loads carried by the miners — Coquimbo — Earthquake 

 — Step-formed terraces — Absence of recent deposits — Contemporaneousness of 

 the Tertiary formations — Excursion up the valley — Road to Guasco — Deserts — 

 Valley of Copiapo — Rain and Earthquakes — Hydrophobia — The Despoblado — 

 Indian ruins — Probable change of climate — River-bed arched by an earthquake 

 — Cold gales of wind — Noises from a hill — Iquique — Salt alluvium — Nitrate 

 of soda — Lima — Unhealthy country — Ruins of Callao, overthrown by an 

 earthquake — Recent subsidence — Elevated shells on San Lorenzo, their decom- 

 position — Plain with embedded shells and fragments of pottery — Antiquity of 

 the Indian Race .... . . 360-396 



CHAPTER XVn 



Galapagos Archipelago — The whole group volcanic — Number of craters — Leafless 

 bushes — Colony at Charles Island — James Island — Salt-lake in crater — Natural 

 history of the group — Ornithology, curious finches — Reptiles — Great tortoises, 

 habits of — Marine lizard, feeds on seaweed — Terrestrial lizard, burrowing habits, 

 herbivorous — Importance of reptiles in the Archipelago — Fish, shells, insects — 

 Botany — American type of organisation — Differences in the species or races on 

 different islands — Tameness of the birds — Fear of man an acquired instinct 



397-427 



CHAPTER XVni 



Pass through the Low Archipelago — Tahiti — Aspect — Vegetation on the mountains 

 — View of Eimeo — Excursion into the interior — Profound ravines — Succession 

 of waterfalls — Number of wild useful plants — Temperance of the inhabitants — 

 Their moral state — Parliament convened — New Zealand — Bay of islands — 

 Hippahs — Excursion to Waimate — Missionary establishment — English weeds 

 now run wild — Waiomio — Funeral of a New Zealand woman — Sail for 

 Australia ....... 428-458 



