75 



cypress and pine, the former predominating. A consid- 

 erable part of the output is a by-product of sawmills, 

 made from crooked or faulty logs, or from large slabs. 

 There are mills which make shingles only, and they use 

 good timber as well as poor. The latest returns give 

 Florida's yearly cut at 171,421,000 shingles. 



Two classes of cooperage are made, one for liquids, 

 the other for dry substances. The former is called tight 

 cooperage, the latter slack. The former is much more 

 exacting in its demand for wood, and the material costs 

 more. Good tight cooperage should not only be free from 

 knots and other defects which toight cause leakage, but 

 the wood must be dense. Otherwise the contents of the 

 barrel or cask may escape through the pores of the wood. 

 Most woods are of such open structure that they will not 

 hold alcoholic liquors. Slack cooperage is not so exclu- 

 sive. Nearly any wood will do for some classes of slack 

 cooperage, while others are more exacting. A consider- 

 able part of Florida's cooperage stock is bought by the 

 naval dealers who ship rosin in cheap, but strong bar- 

 rels. Fruit growers and truck gardeners use many bar- 

 rels for their products, and oyster rakers and fishermen 

 are pretty large users. 



The output of tight cooperage staves in the State in 

 1910 was 1,350,000 staves and 61,000 sets of heading. 

 Slack staves were largely pine and totaled 24,451,000. 

 There w'ere produced 1,122,000 sets of heading and 1,- 

 029,000 hoops. 



The production of veneers in Florida was seven and a 

 half million feet less in 1910 than in 1909. The output 

 for four years was : 1907, 18,183,000 log feet; 1908, 28,- 

 256,000; 1909, 33,293,000; 1910, 25,842,000. Most of the 

 veneer is rotary cut ; that is, it is produced by pressing a 

 heavy knife against the rim of a revolving log, and peel- 

 ing off long ribbons of wood, round and round, until the 

 log is reduced to a small center piece called a core. Sta- 

 tistics do not show what species of wood are used in 



