WORK IN PALEONTOLOGY 153 



were of the same species ; since the races or varieties 

 of dogs have been influenced by the trammels of 

 domestication, which these other animals never did 

 and indeed never could experience." * 



The extreme views of Cuvier as to the frequent 

 renewal and extinction of life were afterward (in 1850) 

 carried out to an exaggerated extent by D'Orbigny, 

 who maintained that the life of the earth must have 

 become extinct and again renewed twenty-seven 

 times. Similar views were held by Agassiz, who, 

 however, maintained the geological succession of ani- 

 mals and the parallelism between their embryonic 

 development and geological succession, the two foun- 

 dation stones of the biogenetic law of Haeckel. But 

 immediately after the publication of Cuvier's Ossemens 

 fossiles, as early as 18 13, Von Schlotheim, the founder 

 of vegetable palaeontology, refused to admit that each 

 set of beds was the result of such a thoroughgoing 

 revolution.f 



At a later date Bronn " demonstrated that certain 

 species indeed really passed from one formation to 



* Discours, etc. Sixth edition. 



f Felix Bernard, The Principles of Paleontology, Paris, 1895, trans- 

 lated by C. E. Brooks, edited by J. M. Clark, from 14th Annual Re- 

 port New York State Geologist, 1895, pp. 127-217 (p. 16). Bernard 

 gives no reference to the work in wliich Schlotheim expressed this 

 opinion. E. v. Schlotheim's first work. Flora der Vorwelt, appeared 

 in 1804, entitled Beschreibung merkwilrdigcr Krailterabdrucke und 

 Pflanzenversteinerungen. Ein Beytrag zur Flora der Vorvelt. i 

 Abtheil. Mit 14 Kpfrn. 4° Gotha, 1804., A later work was 

 Beytrdge zur Naturgeschichte der Versteinerungen in geognostischer 

 Hinsicht (Denkschrift d. k. Academie d. Wissenschaften zu Milnchen 

 fiir den Ja/tren lilt und liiT. 8 Taf. MUnchen, i8ig). He was 

 followed in Germany by Sternberg ( Versuch einer geognostischbotan- 

 ischen Darstellung der Flora der Vorvelt. 1-8. 1811. Leipzig, 

 1820-38) ; and in France by A. T. Brongniart, 1801-1876 (Histoire des 

 Ve'g/taux fossiles, 1828). These were the pioneers in palzeophytology. 



