1 86 LAMARCK, HIS LIFE AND WORK 



drudgery or render material aid, and then, in some 

 cases, neglecting to give them proper credit. 



The first memoir or paper published on a zoologi- 

 cal subject by Lamarck was a modest one on shells, 

 which appeared in 1792 in the Journal d' Histoire 

 naturelle, the editors of which were Lamarck, Bru- 

 guifere, Olivier, Haiiy, and Pelletier. This paper was 

 a review of an excellent memoir by Bruguifere, who 

 preceded Lamarck in the work of dismemberment of 

 the Linnaean genera. His next paper was on four 

 new species of Helix. To this Journal, of which 

 only two volumes were published, Cuvier contrib- 

 uted his first paper — namely, on some new species 

 of " Cloportes " (Oniscus, a genus of terrestrial Crus- 

 tacea or " pill-bugs ") ; this was followed by his second 

 memoir on the anatomy of the limpet, his next arti- 

 cle being descriptions of two species of flies from his 

 collection of insects.* Seven years later Lamarck 



* These papers have been mercilessly criticised by Blainville in his 

 "Cuvier et Geoffrey St. Hilaire." In the second article — i.e., on the 

 anatomy of the limpet — Cuvier, in considering the organs, follows no 

 definite plan ; he gives a description " tout-a-fait fantastique " of the 

 muscular fibres of the foot, and among other errors in this first essay 

 on comparative anatomy he mistakes the tongue for the intromittent 

 organ ; the salivary glands, and what is probably part of the brain, 

 being regarded as the testes, with other ' ' erreurs matirielles incon- 

 cevables, mime & Vipoque ou elle fut re'digie." In his first article he 

 mistakes a species of the myriapod genus Glomeris for the isopod 

 genus Armadillo. In this he is corrected by the editor (possibly La- 

 marck himself), who remarks in a footnote that the forms to which M. 

 Cuvier refers under the name of Armadillo are veritable species of 

 Julus. We have verified these criticisms of Cuvier by reference to his 

 papers in the " Journal." It is of interest to note, as Blainville does, 

 that Cuvier at this period admits that there is a passage from the 

 Isopoda to the armadilloes and Julus. Cuvier, then twenty-three 

 years old, wrote ; " Nous sommes done descendus par degrh, des 

 Ecrevisses aux Squilles,^de celles~ei aux Aselles, puis aux Cloportes, 

 aux Armadilles et aux lules " {Journal d'Hist. nat., torn, ii., p. 29, 



