LAMARCK'S THEORY OF DESCENT 



327 



The author then states that these emotions of the 

 organic sense may operate in the animals and in man 

 either without or with an act of their will. 



" From what has been said, we cannot doubt bu)t 

 that the inner and general feeling which urges thfe 

 animals possessing a nervous system fitted for feeling 

 should be susceptible of being aroused by the causes 

 which affect it ; moreover, these causes are aways 

 the need both of satisfying hunger, of escapkig dan- 

 gers, of avoiding pain, of seeking pleasure, or that 

 which is agreeable to the individual, etc. 



" The emotions of the inner feeling can only be 

 recognized by man, who alone pays attention to 

 them, but he only perceives those which are strong, 

 which excite his whole being, such as a view from a 

 precipice, a tragic scene, etc." 



Lamarck then divides the emotions into physical 

 and moral, the latter arising from our ideas, thoughts 

 — in short, our intellectual acts — in the account of 

 which we need not follow him. 



In the succeeding chapter (V.) the author dilates 

 on the force which causes actions in animals. " We 

 know," he says " that plants can satisfy their needs 

 without moving, since they find their food in the 

 environing m.ilieux. But it is not the same with ani- 

 mals, which are obliged to move about to procure 

 their sustenance. Moreover, most of them have 

 other wants to satisfy, which require other kinds of 

 movements and acts." This matter is discussed in the 

 author's often leisurely and prolix way, with more or 

 less repetition, which we will condense. 



The lowest animals — those destitute of a nervous 

 system — move in response to a stimulus from without. 



