336 LAMARCK, HIS LIFE AND WORK 



" On the Industry of Certain Animals. 



" In those animals which have no brain that which 

 we call industry as applied to certain of their actions 

 does not deserve such a name, for it is a mistake to 

 attribute to them a faculty which they do not possess. 



" Propensities transmitted and received by heredity 

 [g^n&ation) ; habits of performing complicated ac- 

 tions, and which result from these acquired propen- 

 sities; finally, different difificulties gradually and 

 habitually overcome by as many emotions of the 

 organic sense {sentiment int^rieur), constitute the sum 

 of actions which are always the same in the individuals 

 of the same race, to which we inconsiderately give 

 the name of industry. 



" The instinct of animals being formed by the habit 

 of satisfying the four kinds of wants mentioned above, 

 and resulting from the propensities acquired for a long 

 time which urge them on in a way determined for 

 each species, there comes to pass, in the case of some, 

 only a complication in the actions which can satisfy 

 these four kinds of wants, or certain of them, and, in- 

 deed, only the different difficulties necessary to be over- 

 come have gradually compelled the animal to extend 

 and make contrivances, and have led it, without choice 

 or any intellectual act, but only by the emotions of 

 the organic sense, to perform such and such acts. 



" Hence the origin, in certain animals, of different 

 complicated actions, which has been called industry, 

 and which are so enthusiastically admired, because it 

 has always been supposed, at least tacitly, that these 

 actions were contrived and deliberately planned, 

 which is plainly erroneous. They are evidently the 

 fruit of a necessity which has expanded and directed 

 the habits of the animals performing them, and which 

 renders them such as we observe. 



" What I have just said is especially appHcable to 

 the invertebrate animals, in which there enters no 



