NEOLAMARCKISM 385 



tion of the vertebral column and the segnaental ar- 

 rangement of the muscles by muscular strains,* he 

 laid the foundations for future work along this line. 

 He also drew attention in the same work to the com- 

 plementary development of parts, and likewise in- 

 stanced the decreased size of the jaws in the civilized 

 races of mankind, as a change not accounted for by 

 the natural selection of favorable variations.f In 

 fact, this work is largely based on the Lamarckian 

 principles, as affording the basis for the action of 

 natural selection, and thirty years later we find him 

 affirming : " The direct action of the medium was the 

 primordial factor of organic evolution." % In his well- 

 known essay on " The Inadequacy of Natural Selec- 

 tion " (1893) the great philosopher, with his accus- 

 tomed vigor and force, criticises the arguments of 

 those who rely too exclusively on Darwinism alone, 

 and especially Neodarwinism, as a sufificient factor to 

 account for the origin of special structures as well as 

 species. 



The first German author to appreciate the value 

 of the Lamarckian factors was that fertile and compre- 

 hensive philosopher and investigator Ernst Haeckel, 

 who also harmonized Lamarckism and Darwinism in 

 these words: 



" We should, on account of the grand proofs just 

 enumerated, have to adopt Lamarck's Theory of 

 Descent for the explanation of biological phenom- 

 ena, even if we did not possess Darwin's Theory of 



*Vol. ii., p. 195. 



fVol. i., §l66, p. 456. 



\ The Factors of Organic Evolution, 1895, p. 460. 



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