390 



LAMARCK, BIS LIFE AND IVOHHT 



The discussion in Cope's work of kinetogenesis, 

 or of the effects of use and disuse, affords an exten- 

 sive series of facts in support of these factors of 

 Lamarck's. As these two books are accessible to 

 every one, we need only refer the reader to them as 

 storehouses of facts bearing on Neolamarckism. 



The present writer, from a study of the develop- 

 ment and anatomy of Limulus and of Arthropod 

 ancestry, was early (1870)* led to adopt Lamarckian 

 views in preference to the theory of Natural Selec- 

 tion, which never seemed to him adequate or suffi- 

 ciently comprehensive to explain the origin of varia- 

 tions. 



In the following year.f from a study of the insects 

 and other animals of Mammoth Cave, we claimed 

 that " the characters separating the genera and 

 species of animals are those inherited from adults, 

 modified by their physical surroundings and adapta- 

 tions to changing conditions of life, inducing certain 

 alterations in parts which have been transmitted 

 with more or less rapidity, and become finally fixed 

 and habitual." 



In an essay entitled " The Ancestry of Insects " | 



of use and effort was his " Methods of Creation of Organic Types " 

 (1871). In this paper Cope remarks that he "has never read La- 

 marck in French, nor seen a statement of his theory in English, 

 except the very slight notices in the Origin of Species and Chambers' 

 Encyclopcudia, the latter subsequent to the first reading of this paper." 

 It is interesting to see how thoroughly Lamarckian Cope was in his 

 views on the descent theory. 



* Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement 

 of Science, Troy meeting, 1870. Printed in August, 1871. 



\ American Naturalist, v., December, 1871, p. 750. See also pp. 

 751, 759, 760. 



X Printed in advance, being chapter xiii. of Our Common Insects, 

 Salem, 1873, pp. 172, 174, 179, 180, 181, 185. 



