NEOLAMAKCKISM 



393 



of-door forms, thus insuring the permanency of the 

 new varieties, species, or genera. 



"5. Heredity, operating to secure for the future 

 the permanence of the newly originated forms as 

 long as the physical conditions remain the same. 



" Natural selection perhaps expresses the total 

 result of the working of these five factors rather 

 than being an efficient cause in itself, or at least 

 constitutes the last term in a series of causes. 

 Hence Lamarckism in a modern form, or as we have 

 termed it, Neolamarckism, seems to us to be nearer 

 the truth than Darwinism proper or natural selec- 

 tion."* 



In an attempt to apply Lamarck's principle of the 

 origin of the spines and horns of caterpillars and 

 other insects as well as other animals to the result 

 of external stimuli, f we had not then read what he 

 says on the subject. (Seep. 316.) Having, however, 

 been led to examine into the matter, from the views 

 held by recent observers, especially Henslow, and it 

 appearing that Lamarck was substantially correct in 

 supposing that the blood (his " fluids ") would flow 

 to parts on the exposed portions of the body and 

 thus cause the origin of horns, on the principle of 

 the saying, " ubi irritatio, ibi affluxus," we came to 

 the following conclusions : 



*Carl H. Eigenman, in his elaborate memoir. The Eyes of the 

 Blind Vertebrates of North America {Archiv fiir Entwickelungs- 

 mechanik der Organismen, iSgg, viii.), concludes that the Lamarckian 

 view, that through disuse and the transmission by heredity of the 

 characters thus inherited the eyes of blind fishes are diminished, " is 

 the only view so far examined that does not on the face of it present 

 serious objections " (pp. 605-609). 



f " Hints on the Evolution of the Bristles, Spines, and Tubercles 

 of Certain Caterpillars, etc." Proceedings Boston Society of Natural 

 History, xxiv., 1890, pp. 493-560 ; 2 plates. 



