NEOLAMARCKISM 4II 



views published in 1806. After enumerating the 

 primary factors of organic evolution, he places nat- 

 ural selection among his secondary factors, such as 

 heredity, segregation, amixia, etc. On the other 

 hand, he states that Lamarck was not happy in the 

 choice of the examples which he gave to explain the 

 action of habits and use of parts. " Je ne rappel- 

 lerai par I'histoire tant de fois critique du cou de la 

 giraffe et des cornes de I'escargot. " 



Another important factor in the evolution of the 

 metazoa or many-celled animals, from the sponges 

 and polyps upward from the one-celled forms or pro- 

 tozoa, is the principle of animal aggregation or coloni- 

 zation advanced by Professor Perrier. As civilization 

 and progressive intelligence in mankind arose from 

 the aggregation of men into tribes or peoples which 

 lived a sedentary life, so the agricultural, building, 

 and other arts forthwith sprang up ; and as the social 

 insects owe their higher degree of intelligence to their 

 colonial mode of life, so as soon as unicellular organ- 

 isms began to become fixed, and form aggregates, 

 the sponge and polyp types of organization resulted, 

 this leading to the gastrjea, or ancestral form from 

 which all the higher phyla may have originated. 



M. Perrier appears to fully accept Lamarck's views, 

 including his speculations as to wants, and use and 

 disuse. He, however, refuses to accept Lamarck's 

 extreme view as to the origin through effort of en- 

 tirely new organs. As he says: " Unfortunately, if 

 Lamarck succeeded in explaining in a plausible way 

 the modification of organs already existing, their 

 adaptation to different uses, or even their disappear- 



