422 



LAMARCK, HIS LIFE AND WORK 



ences the same rudiments may give rise to different 

 adult structures" (p. 128). Delage, in his Theories 

 sur r He'rMit^, summarizes under seven heads the 

 objections of these distinguished biologists. Species 

 arise, he says, from general variations, due to change 

 in the conditions of life, such as food, climate, use 

 and disuse, very rarely individual variations, such as 

 sports or aberrations, which are more or less the re- 

 sult of disease. 



Mention should also be made of the essays and 

 works of H. Driesch,* De Varigny.-f Danilewsky,:j: 

 Verworn,§ Davenport, | Gadow,T[ and others. 



In his address on " Neod4rwinism and Neola- 

 marckism," Mr. Lester F. Ward, the palaeobotanist, 

 says: 



" I shall be obliged to confine myself almost ex- 

 clusively to the one great mind, who far more than 

 all others combined paved the way for the new sci- 

 ence of biology to be founded by Darwin, namely, 

 Lamarck. ' ' After showing that Lamarck established 

 the functional, or what we would call the dynamic 

 factors, he goes on to say that " Lamarck, although 

 he clearly grasped the law of competition, or the 

 struggle for existence, the law of adaptation, or the 

 correspondence of the organism to the changing 

 environment, the transmutation of species, and the 



* Eniwickelungmecanische Studien, 1892-93. 



\ Experimental Evoliction, 1892 ; also, " Recherches sur le Nanisme 

 experimental," /.?«;•«. Anat. et Phys., 1894. 



X " Ueber die organsplastisclien Krafte der Organismen," Arbeit, 

 nat. Ges., Petersburg, xvi., 1885 ; Protok, 79-S2. 



§ General Physiology, 1 899. 



\Experi7nental Morphology, 1897-99, 2 vols. 



i[ " Modifications of Certain Organs which seem to be Illustrations 

 of the Inheritance of Acquired Characters in Mammals and Birds," 

 Zool. Jahrb. Syst. Abth.. 1890, iv., pp. 629-646 ; also, The Lost Link, 

 by E. Haeckel, with notes, etc., by H. Gadow, 1899. 



