GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. 277 



cosmopolitan, and all seem to be less influenced by climatic 

 conditions than the more fleshy fungi. The Sepedoniei are 

 represented by at least one species wherever Boletus is found. 

 The Mucedines occur everywhere in temperate and tropical 

 regions, Penicillium and Aspergillus flourishing as much in the 

 latter as in the former. Botrytis and Peronospora are almost as 

 widely diffused and as destructive -in warmer as in temperate 

 countries, and although from difficulty in preservation the moulds 

 are seldom represented to any extent in collections, yet indica- 

 tions of their presence constantly occur in connection with other 

 forms, to such an extent as to warrant the conclusion that they 

 are far from uncommon. The Dematiei are probably equally as 

 widely diffused. Species of Helminthosporium, Cladosporium, 

 and Macrosporium seem to be as common in tropical as temper- 

 ate climes. The distribution of these fungi is imperfectly known, 

 except in Europe and North America, but their occurrence in 

 Ceylon, Cuba, India, and Australasia indicated a cosmopolitan 

 range. Cladosporium herbarum would seem to occur everywhere. 

 The Stilbacei and Isariacei are not less widely diffused, although 

 as yet apparently limited in species. Isaria occurs on insects 

 in Brazil as in North- America, and species of Stilbum and Isaria 

 are by no means rare in Ceylon. 



The Physomycetes have representatives in the tropics, species 

 of Mucor occurring in Cuba, Brazil, and the southern states of 

 North America, with the same and allied genera in Ceylon. 

 Antennaria and Pi&omyxa seem to reach their highest develop- 

 ment in hot countries. 



The Ascomycetes are represented everywhere, and although 

 certain groups are more tropical than others, thqy are represented 

 in all collections. The fleshy forms are most prolific in temper- 

 ate countries, and only a few species of Peziza affect the tropics, 

 yet in elevated districts of hot countries, such as the Himalayas 

 of India, Peziza, Morchella, and Geoglossim are found. Two or 

 three species of Morchella are found in Kashmir, and at least, 

 one or two in Java, where they are used as food. The genus 

 Cyttaria is confined to the southern parts of South America 

 and Tasmania. The United States equal if they do not exccod 

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