112 ANIMAL PARASITES AND MESSMATES. 



also been noticed on the chain of the Himalayas, 11,000 

 feet above the level of the sea. Japan and Chili also 

 have terrestrial leeches. The Cylicobdella lumbricoides 

 is a blind leech, which has been found by F. Muller in 

 damp earth, in Brazil. 



The aquatic leeches are better known, and with but 

 few exceptions, the accidents produced by them are little 

 to be feared. In Algeria it is not uncommon, as army 

 surgeons tell us, to see soldiers, while drinking spring 

 water, swallow small leeches which may do them injury. 



We find from official reports that the French soldiers 

 often suffered, during the campaigns in Egypt and 

 Algeria, from an aquatic leech (Hcemopis vorax), which 

 attacked the mouth and the nostrils, and did not respect 

 man any more than horses, camels, and oxen. The 

 leech discovered by Dr. Guyon under the eyelids and in 

 the nasal fossae of the crab-eating heron of Martinique, is 

 probably a monostomum, and not one of the hirudmidse. 

 Leeches have also been found on turtles under the name 

 of Eubranchella Branchiata. Say saw one on a chelonian, 

 and others on tritons and frogs. 



It is especially upon fish that these worms are found, 

 and we cannot hesitate to consider the greater part of 

 them as true parasites. We have described a whole 

 series of them which live upon marine fishes, especially 

 on the barbel, the bass or sea-wolf, the halibut, the dab, 

 and different species of gadidse. A. E. Verril published 

 last year the description of several kinds of American 

 leeches, .among which we see two which infest a fish 

 (Fundrilm pisculentus) of West Eiver, near Newhaven. 

 A large and beautiful species, which is known by the 

 name of Pontobdella, is also found upon the Bays. 



