194 THE COMMON SENSE OF THE MILK QUESTION 



world, the milk is modified and then sterilized. The 

 formula used is, one part of water to two parts of 

 milk, with 15 grammes of centrifugal cream, 35 

 grammes of lactose, and 1 gramme of salt added to 

 each liter of the milk and water mixture. This mix- 

 ture is bottled and then perfectly sterilized, being 

 kept at a temperature of 102 degrees centigrade for 

 forty minutes. In some of the Gouttes de Lait, in- 

 cluding, I believe, practically all those in Paris and 

 Havre, the milk is sterilized but not modified ; while 

 in places like Beauvais and Pol-sur-Mer the milk is 

 pasteurized and unmodified. Upon the whole, as 

 noted in an earlier chapter, the French are opposed 

 to the modification of milk. 



Most of the philanthropic infants' milk depots in 

 this and other countries may be said to belong to the 

 class of Gouttes de Lait here described. The depots 

 established and maintained in New York City by Mr. 

 Nathan Straus belong to this class ; so also do those 

 in Philadelphia, Chicago, Yonkers, N.Y., and some 

 other cities. The milk is generally pasteurized and 

 modified, following the leadership of the Straus 

 depots. While there are some very poorly managed 

 Gouttes de Lait in France and Belgium, I should say 

 that, speaking generally, the methods of distribution 

 in those countries are far better than an3dihing we have 

 in the United States. Insufficient care is exercised in 

 distributing the milk in our American charity depots, 



