228 MADRAS EXHIBITION. 



lamp oil obtained from the seeds ; wood coarse grained, strong, 

 durable, and ornamental. The tree is worthy of attention, as it 

 grows well in sandy tracts close to the sea, where few others 

 thrive. (Wight, No. 73; Bangalore, Travancore, Palamkota, 

 Coorg, Hyderabad.) 



37. Careya arborea. Budadanedi, Tel. Khumbi, Can. — Wood 

 useless ; the bark serves as cordage, and is used as slow match for 

 guns in N. Circars. (Wight, No. 65 ; Hort. Garden, 23 ; Coim- 

 batore.) 



38. Careya sphcerica. — Wood useless ; the bark serves as cord- 

 age, and is used as slow match for guns in N. Circars. (Hort. 

 Garden, 22.) 



39. Caryota urens. Bastard Sago Palm. Utali pana, Tarn. 

 Bhyni, Can. — A very ornamental palm, furnishes an inferior 

 kind of sago and also toddy. Is extensively used under the 

 name of Napiera in Ceylon, for rafters, which are exceedingly 

 hard and durable. (Travancore, 325.) 



40. Casuarina equisitifolia. — This tree was introduced about 

 50 years ago, and is now well established, growing freely, and 

 ripening seed in great abundance. In general appearance, it 

 much resembles the larch fir ; it grows in 10 years to the height 

 of about 30 feet. It generally grows very straight, and where 

 the main shoot is broken or lopped off, throws out secondary shoots 

 readily, and these are usually straight and erect. It thrives best 

 in sandy tracts along the sea-shore, and it would be desirable to 

 plant it largely on the sand-hills north and south of Madras, 

 where some numbers have already been grown. The wood is 

 reddish in colour ; in density and appearance it somewhat resem- 

 bles Trincomallee (Bern/a Ammonilla). It bears a great strain, 

 is well adapted for posts, and is said to bear submersion in water 

 very well. The bark contains tannin, and a brown dye has been 

 extracted from it by M. Jules L'Epine of Pondicherry. On the 

 whole, this tree deserves extensive cultivation on the sandy 

 tracts, where it grows so readily. (Hort. Gard., 13.) 



41. Gathartocarpus fistula. Konne-maram, Tarn. Belli, Tel. 

 — A tree of great beauty when in flower, but generally too small 

 and crooked to yield valuable timber ; wood close-grained, and 

 used for tomtoms, &c. In the Malabar forests, it attains sum- 



