CHARCOAL MANUFACTURE. 



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quantity of loose earth over the turf, heating it down with the 

 back of a spade. 



Fig. 13. Vertical Section of Kiln. 

 After the whole kiln has been covered , in, let one or two men 

 ascend the kiln and pull out the pole, leaving an empty space 

 from top to bottom of kiln. From the top, drop in a ladleful of 

 ignited charcoal ; and immediately this is done, open out one turf 

 at the bottom of the kiln, say at A. (fig. 13.) This will cause a 

 draft of air in the direction of A I) C, and in a few minutes, 

 flames will be seen ascending at C. Let this continue for 5 or 10 

 minutes ; till you have satisfied yourself the billets in the centre 

 of the kiln are on fire, when one man must be sent up with a 

 large turf to close the opening at C, over which he should sprinkle 

 earth to keep in all flame. From this moment no flame must be 

 allowed to escape from any part of the kiln. When the opening at 

 C has been closed, one at B should be made. The billets in the 

 direction of D A and D B will then ignite faster than any other, 

 and when smoke is seen escaping between every turf in the direc- 

 tion of A and B C, the openings at A and B must be closed 

 and fresh ones made, say at E and F (fig. 14); these will 



