ANAMALAI — HIGHER RANGES. 291 



kraals were seen, each containing from 50 to 80 head of cattle. 

 Behind our hut was a waterfall, which is distinctly seen from 

 Anamalai. The Punachi river tumbles over a precipice, which 

 seems to be the edge of a considerable tract of table-land ; this 

 we regretted we had no opportunity to explore. Near to it are 

 several dense sholas ; and above the cascade some bison pasture- 

 ground and ibex rocks. 



Teak occurred for the first time on some undulating knolls, 

 two or three miles before reaching the village, and on the dopes 

 of the basin leading to the river. The teak tree here is not of 

 superior dimensions, but is widely diffused, forming nearly half 

 of the forest at this place. Many of the trees would yield second- 

 class logs; and they improved in size as we descended the 

 gorge. Being in flower, the white cross-armed panicles formed 

 a striking feature in the landscape. There is much fallen and 

 decaying teak within three miles of the huts, I inspected the 

 jungle, both in going and returning, and walked across in dif- 

 ferent directions, to estimate approximatively the number and 

 size of the trees. The value of standing wood is about Ks. 50,000, 

 and of fallen timber at least Es.5000. J counted fifty trees on 

 the ground well worth removal if there was easy transport. We 

 saw further up the valley much Venge (Pterocmpus wars'upium) 

 and blackwood (Dalbergia latifolia), which became more abundant 

 as the elevation increased. These trees seem to prefer an alti- 

 tude somewhat greater than teak, whilst the Vella naga (Gono- 

 carpus latifolius), of great size, occurs with the teak, or prefers a 

 lower range. The sholas near Punachi, between 3,000 and 4000 

 feet above the eea, are very dense and rich in their flora. The 

 following are a few remarkable forms observed : — A new species 

 of J&nkinsia (Wallich) ; Chondrospermum ; Agrostistachys indica 

 (Dalzell) ; Solenocarpus indicus, a tree called by the Kaders 

 " Palle-ille," the leaves of which are eaten ; fflmocarpus, Mono- 

 cera, a new species of Ooohia. (Mur Kuringi), with a delicious 

 fruit ; Glycosmis pentaphylla, Pierardia macrostachys, with an 

 edible fruit; Cleidion javmicum (" Walle"); Mesua, with very 

 large fruit ; Calophyllum,* a species with narrow lanceolate leaves ; 



* O. angustifolium, R. ? the poon spar tree. 



