PRINCIPLES OF VETERINARY SURGERY 131 



Diagnosis of Glanders. — Glanders c.-n be positively 

 diagnosed by either of the following methods: (i) By ani- 

 mal inoculation; and (2) by the use of mallein. The former, 

 usually referred to as the Straus test, is carried out by 

 inoculating scrapings or discharges of glander lesions sub- 

 cutaneously or intraperitoneally into male cavies, and then 

 making deductions from the resulting phenomena. The seat 

 of inoculation swells and in about two or three days after 

 the testicles and inguinal glands become markedly tender 

 and swollen from a secondary inflammation. A post mor- 

 tem examination of the experimental cavy at this time will 

 reveal the presence of the specific agent in the secondary 

 lesions in the testicles and lymphatic glands. Other organs 

 may also be found invaded. For all practical purposes the 

 clinical phenomena presented by the experimental cavy may 

 be regarded as sufficient. That is, if the testicles swell and 

 become painful the case is one of glanders, while on the 

 other hand, if no such evidence appears, glanders may be 

 safely excluded. The microscopic examination shouki, 

 however, be made when possible. 



The latter, is now universally designated in veterinary 

 medicine as the Mallein test. It consists of administering 

 subcutaneous injections of from 2.5 cc to 5 cc of mallein 

 solution into the suspected subject, which is first submitted 

 to a preliminary examination, especially as regards the tem- 

 perature curve. Other symptoms should, however, be taken 

 into account, among which are the general spirits, appetite 

 and local lesions. Eight hours after the injection, which is 

 generally made in the lateral cervical region, the tempera- 

 ture curve is taken for twelve to sixteen hours, during 

 which time observations are also made as to the behavior 

 of the seat of inoculation and the general spirits of the pa- 

 tient. An elevation of 1.5° Fahr., continuing through the 

 entire period of observation, a painful oedema around the 



