306 PRINCIPLES OF VETERINARY SURGERY 



tes, as follows : The region of the udder was extremely 

 bulky; oedema extended over the entire lower part of the 

 body; the animal lay upon its sides, panting, and with its 

 limbs in complete disuse ; a thick foam was issuing from the 

 mouth and asphyxia was imminent. 



When insects (bees, wasps, etc.) light upon animals in 

 great numbers they produce multiple stings. They attack 

 the head and acnestis in preference to other parts. In a few 

 seconds edema appears on all the spots which have been 

 stung. The skin is hot, painful and tumefied, and the fright- 

 ened animals manifest signs of very acute pain^ They often 

 run away with their vehicles and roll themselves to escape 

 the enemy. These accidents are rather frequent in districts 

 where bee culture is extensively followed. Horses employed 

 in field labor in the neighborhood of beehives are particu- 

 larly exposed. In years when wasps are numerous, the des- 

 truction of their nests in plowing, is often the cause of a 

 similar accident. 



Lucet has seen oxflies attack sheep and sting them dee])ly 

 in the upper portions of the body, — the withers, loins and 

 buttocks, — and a few days after five of the animals exhibited 

 abscesses, surrounded by oedema, at the punctured points. 

 One of the patients died of purulent infection and the other 

 four were killed. When stung upon certain parts of the 

 body, — the head for example, — the horse may present the 

 physiognomy of animals afflicted with purpura hsemorrhag- 

 ica. In this event respiration may be menaced by obstruc- 

 tion of the nares and tracheotomy may become necessary. 

 Fatal cases have been reported by Gueron and Henon, in 

 which death supervened in a few hours. Guilleville reported 

 five horses which succumbed in one hour; Clichy saw five 

 horses die in two, three, four and five hours; Funfstuck has 

 seen an animal die in six hours ; and in a case reported by 

 Albrecht death supervened after ten hours. The dog is 



