PRINCIPLES OF VETERINARY SURGERY 321 



for which i^eason oil is stiU more dangerous than water. 

 Rainard reports the curious case of a horse that sustained a 

 serious burn by pkinging the nose into a bucket of boiling 

 water that was intended for fumigating purposes. 



Gases produce large burns in oil mines ; the horse is some- 

 times the victim of explosions which cause large and fatal 

 burns, and fumigations which are too hot may cause dread- 

 iul accidents. 



The flame of fire is capable of burning deeply and may 

 cause extensive damages. Gohier reports the death of a 

 horse whose genital organs had been burned by teamsters 

 in their efifort to make it draw a heavy load. 



Many chemical agents are capable of producing grave 

 burns. Rey has often observed burns caused by sulphuric 

 acid on horses and dogs belonging to druggists, and points 

 also to the frequency of burns in the extremities of horses 

 by quicklime. 



Bums from lightning do not present any special features 

 except in the arrangement of the designs it forms. Radiat- 

 ing heat produces only superficial burns, and solar heat may 

 produce erythema and sometimes serious conditions desig- 

 nated as "insolation" or "heat-stroke," but these should be 

 studied in internal pathology. 



SYMPTOMS. — Since Dupuytren's time six degrees of 

 burns have been distinguished in human surgery, but as this 

 is an entirely arbitrary division that is more anatomo-path- 

 ological than clinical there is no reason, although Rey has 

 preserved it, for applying it in veterinary surgery. Cogni- 

 zance of but two burns is sufficient, — circumscribed burns 

 and diffused bums, — both of which may be deep. This di- 

 vision is more simple than that of Bouley, which distin- 

 guished between simple burns and disorganizing ones, and 

 more simple than that of Hertwig who distinguished: (i) 



