474 PRINCIPLES OF VETERINARY SURGERY 



evolution of the disease is variable. Death may supervene 

 in from two to ten days and sometimes at the end of two 

 weeks. Among the bovines the mortality is about 50 per 

 cent, while among lambs it reaches 90 to 100 per cent. 



The Hog. — The disease is rather rare in the hog. It is 

 characterized by contractions that are localized before they 

 become general. They begin in the region of the jaws and 

 trunk. The subject stands upright and its rigid body moves 

 with difficulty. The head is bent over the neck and stands 

 stiffly upwards. When the tetanus has become generalized 

 the patient remains in lateral decubitus, and cannot return 

 to the standing posture. The muscles are excessively con- 

 tracted and possess the hardness of stone. The limbs are 

 in an extreme state of extension. It is impossible to bend 

 them. The jaws are locked and the membrana nictitans al- 

 most cover the eyeballs. The contraction of the muscles of 

 the trunk curves the dorso-lumbar column upwards. Sen- 

 drail has seen a tetanic hog with the incvuwation of the trunk 

 forming the letter "S." In the region of the kidneys the 

 body is arched upward, while the cervical region is arched 

 downward. The head is inclined backward. The respira- 

 tions are accelerated, dyspnoeic and rattling. He emits 

 plaintive grunts. External excitement, blows, noise, etc., 

 cause the patient to squeal and aggravate the symptoms. 

 The disease ends favorably in two to three weeks or else the 

 patient dies in a few days. 



Dog. — Generalized tetanus is by no means frequent in 

 the dog. Cadeac has seen only one case in twenty years' 

 clinical experience. Labet has observed it in shepherd dogs. 

 Moller refers to one case out of 50,000 sick dogs, and Freid- 

 berger and Frohner one case out of 25,000 patients. White 

 (Chicago) has seen two cases in twenty years. 



The symptoms are similar to those of other animals. The 

 contractions first localize at the point of infection and after- 



