PRINCIPLES OF VETERINARY SURGERY 505 



arcades and the patient ends by refusing all nourishment. 

 There is rapid emaciation and death from cachexia. Spon- 

 taneous cure does not occur. 



Actinomycosis of the Soft Parts of the Face and of the 

 Neck. — This localization has been especially observed in 

 Denmark by Jansen and Bang, and in Germany by Preusse. 

 It has been found in France. 



It is marked by the formation of tumors, which appear 

 to be developed after inoculation through cutaneous 

 wounds. They make their appearance on the cheek, on the 

 surface of the parotid, in the retro-pharyngeal and sub-paro- 

 tid lymphatic glands, and on the lateral faces of the neck 

 and shoulders. They are hard at first, but soon become 

 ulcerated and discharge pus containing the typical "yellow 

 grains." Two tumors are sometimes found in the same re- 

 gion, which instance a subcutaneous, fistulous communica- 

 tion between them. The rnuscles adjacent to the tumor 

 became fibrous, hard and incompressible. In favorable cases 

 they become isolated and encysted. 



Actinomycosis of the Pharynx. — The invasion of the 

 pharynx is accompanied by symptoms of sore throat. Johne 

 refers to a cow that exhibited sore throat and dyspnoea, and 

 the autopsy proved it to be a case of actinomycosis. When 

 the pharynx is affected the region under the jaw is oedema- 

 tous and sensitive. 



The lesions may be diffused or in the form of tumors. 

 When isolated, the lesion is usually situated supero-poster- 

 iorly on the sphenoid — (posterior pharyngeal actinomyco- 

 ma) — or immediately anterior — (anterior laryngeal actino- 

 mycoma). They extend over the mucous membrane, become 

 ulcerated like the cutaneous neoplasm, and dischai-ge a 

 clotted and fetid pus. When voluminous they become an 

 obstacle to deglutition and cause roaring. The subject be- 

 comes emaciated very rapidly, and may have to be killed. 



