506 PRINCIPLES OF VETERINARY SURGERY 



even before the nature of the disease is known to a certainty. 



Other Localizations. — Actinomycosis of the lips has been 

 frequently observed by Mari in the abattoirs of Moscow. 

 Ignatiefif has found lesions on the lower lip. Oscholkow 

 says that 5 per cent of all animals slaughtered are afifected 

 with it. The infected lips are covered with small tubercles, 

 hard and capsulated, and varying from the size of a pin-head 

 to that of a hazelnut. They are of a yellowish gray color 

 and contain a creamy or caseous pus. 



In the CESOphagus the lesions may exhibit either the 

 granular or tumor form. In the latter event they may cause 

 oesophageal obstruction, as in volume they may acquire the 

 dimensions of the fist. This form of the disease is seen most 

 frequently in adults, but may also affect calves. 



Neoplasms are found in the skin, the reticulum, the abo- 

 masum, the intestines, and the liver. The latter organ may 

 become the seat of either neoplasms or abscesses. The kid- 

 neys and the spleen are rarely ever afifected. 



The respiratory passages are no more spared than the 

 digestive tract. Preusse has found the lesions in the nos- 

 trils on several occasions, and Roder discovered an acti- 

 nomycoma in the nasal cavities. Jansen refers to the in- 

 vasion of the Schneiderian membrane with small muriform 

 tumors that showed a tendency to become ulcerated. With 

 the nasal mucosa the turbinated bones may be attacked. 

 Jansen has noticed twenty cases of actinomycosis of the 

 larynx, and Claus six cases. The trachea and the lungs may 

 also show lesions. Pulmonary lesions are no longer re- 

 garded as exceptional. Jansen and Claus have reported ob- 

 servations made on the subject, in which they state that 

 the lesions were not of the large variety, but of scattered 

 hot-beds of variable dimensions. Pleural actinomycosis often 

 coexists with that of the lungs. Hink found the right pleura 

 adhered to the. lung through the medium of yellowish ac- 



