PRINCIPLES OF VETERINARY SURGERY 509 



When the lesion is located on the superior maxilla, the 

 cranial bones participate in the morbid process, which trans- 

 forms them into papyraceous lamellas. (Fig. 57). 



(b) Lesions of the Tongue. — Very frequently the tongue 

 is hypertrophied and deformed. The tip is drawn down or 

 up, to the right or left, according to the seat of the lesion. 

 It is hard, fibrous and woody. These alterations, scarcely 

 noticed when the disease is ,new, are all the more manifest 

 when it is of longer standing. The lingual mucosa is ex- 

 cavated with ulcerations or embossed by tumors under the 



Fig. 55. 

 Transverse Section of the Preceding^Tumor. 



mucous membrane or in the muscle. When incised the 

 tongue gives the impression of a sarcomatous mass. A mi- 

 croscopic examination shows very marked lesions of inter- 

 stitial myositis. At a higher power the sections show in- 

 vasion by connective tissue proliferation. The muscular 

 fibres are atrophied, choked up, disjointed and shattered, 

 and the parasites are lodged in the fibrous islets. With a 

 still higher power, the center of these fibrous zones show the 

 existence .of nodules already in the course of degeneration. 

 The actinomycoma in miniature gives rather the impres- 



