628 PRINCIFLES OF VETERINARY SURGERY 



nail, and is of a dark red or violet color. Its surface is rough 

 and uneven and presents the aspect of a fine sponge. It 

 exhibits a krge number of elongated oval openings several 

 millimeters wide, through which the blood vessels enter. 

 The surface of a section through the bone is reddish, violet 

 or yellow. It is soft to the touch, and no distinction can be 

 made between the compact and the cancellated tissue. 



The maxillary bones present the most pronounced le- 

 sions. They are particularly hypertrophied along the mo- 

 lars, sometimes attaining three times their natural size. 

 The rami of the inferior maxilla are very thick. The teeth 

 are implanted in the thickest portion of the bone, the table 

 surface is almost on a level with the alveolar border, and the 

 roots closely approach the inferior borders of the rami. 

 When a dissection is made of the bone they are encountered 

 at a depth of less than a centimeter. The teeth are, how- 

 ever, easily extracted in spite of their deep implantations, 

 but they never fall out as in other abnormalities of the jaws. 

 As a whole the skull bones are hypertrophied, swollen, 

 and tumefied, especially in the transverse axis. 



The osseous tissue has a rosy tint and blood oozes from 

 its surface when the periosteum is torn oS. The tissue is 

 non-resistant to the touch, but it has not lost its density to 

 the extent of yielding to pressure of the finger. It is easily 

 cut with the knife. 



A transverse section of the maxillaries, made at different 

 points, shows interesting modifications which are rendered 

 particularly conspicuous by the radiograph view of a section 

 four to five millimeters thick. The above cuts show prin- 

 cipally the extent and aspect of the lesions. The diseased 

 bones are uniformly gray throughout while the sound bones 

 present the normal reticule of the compact tissue distinctly 

 separated from the cancellated tissue. In this respect a sec- 

 t;ion through the superior maxilla is instructive. On the 



