124 CLASSIFICATION OF FISSION-FUNGI. 



which Ogstoii had seen, and gave the name Staphylo- 

 coccus to the bunched cocci, which we may to-day employ 

 as the ordinary name for species of micrococci causing sup- 

 puration, and which we will use, but it must be dropped 

 from the botanical classification. 



II. Family Bacteriaceae Zopf, emend. Migula (Bacil= 

 lacea£ A. Fischer). Rod Bacteria. 



Cells at least one and a half but usually from two to six 

 times as long as broad, straight or somewhat bent in one 

 plane only, never spiral, ^ at times forming long true or ap- 

 parent threads. Division (almost) always is at right 

 angles to the long axis, after elongation of the rod; with 

 or without flagella; with or without endospores. The 

 varieties in which spores are wanting sometimes form 

 arthrospores, according to many authors. Yet it is not pos- 

 sible to turn these ' ' arthrospores ' ' to account diagnost- 

 ically, and they are entirely denied by many investigators. 



1. Without endogenous spores, alleged to often have 

 arthrospores. Rods usually less than 0.8 to 1 /^ thick. 

 Bacterium^ Cohn, emend. Hiippe. 



2. With endospores. Rods often more than 1 ii thick. 

 Bacillus Cohn, emend. Hiippe. 



Cohn in his classification laid more value upon growth 

 into long threads (which, according to him, is character- 

 ia-tic of bacilli) than upon the property of spore-formation; 

 he, however, often emjihasizes the fact that most bacilli 

 produce endogenous spores. 



The fact that, through certain injurious influences, spore- 

 formation may be lost is no valid objection to the classifi- 

 cation, since in most cases also t^-jjical bacilli without 

 spores are recognizable or may be conjectured. It is more 

 unfortunate that there appear to be varieties of bacilli 

 which at least are related to varieties in which spores never 

 form; for example, Bacillus erythrosporus. There always 



' Unfortunately it must be said that " never spiral " is really un- 

 true, since, for example, in the case of anthrax, Bac. Zopfii, etc., tuft- 

 like loops occur that cannot possibly be in one plane. 



2 Here belongs the genus Proteus Hauser. 



