BACTERimi SEPTIC.E3ILE HEMOEEHAGIC^E. 209 



one. Old laboratory cultures grow as faintly yellowish- 

 white ; after alkalinization the growtli is more abundant. 



Production of Gas and Acid from Carbohydrates. 

 — Often much acid is formed, both from grape- and milk- 

 sugar, but no gas. ^ 



Indol and H^S. — Both abundantly formed (according 

 to Karlinski, not). According to Hoffa, methylguanidin is 

 to be looked upon as the poisonous principle of the organ- 

 ism. 



Resistance. — Against drying, slight. Heating to 45°- 

 46° destroys the virulence in half an hour. On the con- 

 trary, cultures remain viable and virulent for months. 

 Cold and mixture with putrefactive bacteria do not reduce 

 the virulence. 



Distribution. — (a) Outside the body : Demonstrated by 

 Gafiky in water of the Panke. Inoculation of the same 

 into rabbits produced a fatal infectious disease. Also found 

 in water and soil ; undoubtedly widely distributed. 



(b) In the body : Never in man. On the contrary, they 

 were found by Gamaleia in the feces of normal pigeons, 

 but with little virulence, and by Karlinski in the nasal 

 mucus of swine. Have been demonstrated to be the cause 

 of a series of destructive diseases in animals, in various 

 biologic races, and designated by various names. 



Voges was unable to produce, in any way, a true, last- 

 ing immunity against any of those diseases. 



We will describe only four of these varieties somewhat 

 more extensively. 



I. Bacterium suicida Migula (Bacillus suisepticus 

 Kruse), cause of the so-called German (LofHer's) 

 " Schweineseuche. " Compare LofHer and Schulz (A. G. 

 A. I, 55 and 376). It is a wide-spread and destructive 

 disease of swine, which usually kills in from one-half to 



etc.) recently in use. "We remain, therefore, for the present with a 

 preponderating majority of authors who occupy the standpoint of a 

 duality. A new culture, obtained from Honl, in Prague, of Bact. 

 suicida Mig. corresponds with the scheme. 



1 This statement in the literature, which Th. Smith recently again 

 verified, corresponds to our cultures of chicken cholera and new 

 "Schweineseuche " ; on the contrary, both of the old motile cultures of 

 "Schweineseuche" produce gas from grape-sugar. According to 

 Karlinski, sometimes there is formation of gas, and sometimes none. 

 14 



