BACTERIUM FNEUiMONLE. 227 



Lowenberg (A. P., 1894, 292). Coini)are the observa- 

 tions of Denj's and Martin, page 229. 



Potato Culture. — Thiclv, moist, liigbly shining growtli, 

 with smooth but scalloped border, bright j^ellow to grayish- 

 brown. It is gradually separated into padded, connected 

 sections, especially at the border. 



Chemical Activities. — From grape- and milk-sugar the 

 bacterium piroduces abundant acid, together with C(.)j and 

 H^ (40% CO,, 58% H„ Th. Smith). P. Frankland demon- 

 strated as fermentation products: ethyl alcohol, acetic acid, 

 a little formic and succinic acids. It is surprising that 

 lactic acid is not mentioned. Indol and H^S are scanty. 



Distribution. — (a) Outside the body : Cultivated by Em- 

 merich from the foul floor of a prison. 



(6) In healthy organism : Sometimes in saliva. 



(c) In diseased human organism : As the cause of a few 

 cases of pneumonia and bronchitis, then occasionally, but 

 not very often, as the cause of inflammatory and suppura- 

 tive processes in almost all the organs of the body; rarely 

 as the cause of pyemia and septicemia. Often also found 

 in the blood. Rarely it causes cystitis (Montt-Saavedro, 

 C. B. XX, 171). 



(d) In animals: The cause of pneumonia in horses, dis- 

 covered by Schiitz, is morphologically almost identical 

 (Arch. Tierheil., xm). Nail-head cultures usually are 

 lacking and the growth upon gelatin is flatter. The organ- 

 isms are abundant in the lungs and pleura, i. e. , especially 

 in the necrotic parts, but sparingly in the blood. Fiedeler 

 substantiated the findings in all points (C. B. x, 310). 



Immunity and Serum Diagnosis. — Active immuniza- 

 tion is possible ; the serum causes agglutination, although 

 the B. P. is non-motile.' Landsteiner (Wien. klin. Wochen- 

 schr., 1897, 439). 



Results of Experiments upon Animals. — Mice be- 

 come sick after subcutaneous, more certainly after intrapul- 

 monary injection, also after inhalation, and soon die, with 

 the appearances of septicemia. Also guinea-pigs and dogs 

 are susceptible, but rabbits are not. 



Of the numerous closely related varieties ^ we must 



'Also the species in the following list (capsule bacilli of authors) 

 must be considered as forms which are identical with or closely related 



