236 IMPORTANT VARIETIES OF FISSION-FUNGI. 



also, it may be successfully demonstrated in the blood 

 (blood from the heart, veins, rose-spots) ; but, to be sure, 

 it is so often not found that the importance of the blood 

 examination for substantiating the clinical diagnosis is not 

 great. Kuhnau found the typhoid bacillus in the blood 

 from the veins of the arm in 10 out of 41 cases (Z. H. 

 XXV, 492). Neufeld obtained very good results in the 

 blood from rose-spots by making use especially of fluid 

 nutrient media (Z. H. xxx, 498). It has also been verj^ 

 frequently demonstrated in the kidney, liver, and bile 

 (Chiari), and especially in the urine (H. Neumann, C. 

 B. vin, 80). Regarding the occasional presence of enor- 

 mous numbers of typhoid bacilli in urine, see Petruschky 

 (C. B. XXIII, 677). Statements regarding successful cul- 

 tivation from typhoid stools are comparatively rare (com- 

 pare p. 237). The typhoid bacterium can itself cause the 

 various complications in the clinical picture of typhoid. 

 It has been demonstrated with certainty as the only cause 

 of cases of serous and suppurative inflammations of the 

 spinal cord, of the brain and its membranes, of the lungs 

 and kidneys, and in the erysipelatous, phlegmonous, and 

 suppurative processes of typhoids (in bones, skin, testicle, 

 lymph-glands, parotid, thyroid, spleen, etc.). The pyo- 

 genic function of the B. typhi is no more contested, and 

 has also been demonstrated by experiments upon rabbits. 

 However, in many (the majoritj' ?) cases mixed infection 

 with Micrococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pyogenes or lan- 

 ceolatus, etc., must be held responsible for the complica- 

 tions. 



Results of Experiments Regarding Pathogenic Ac- 

 tion in Animals. — According to the fairly universal view 

 in Germany at present, the production of an infectious dis- 

 ease, analogous to typhoid fever in man, has never been 

 successfully accomplished in any animal by any mode of 

 infection. As a rule, bacteria introduced subcutaneouslj'' 

 rapidly die, at least, do not multiply, and the injuries re- 

 sulting may be produced in a similar manner by filtered 

 cultures. Thus, the results are due to intoxication and 

 not to infection. (Sirotinin, Z. H. i, 465.) Also Pe- 

 truschky favors the idea of an intoxication rather than an 

 infection (Z. H. xii, 261). 



