COBYNEBACTERWM 3IALLEI. 387 



cording to Schutz, there is no primary pulmonary glan- 

 ders ; on the contrary, the lungs are always affected secon- 

 darily from the skin or mucous membrane. The primary 

 port of entry in the skin or nasal mucous membrane is 

 often already healed when the pulmonary glanders begins. 

 According to Nocard, the transparent gray nodules in the 

 lung, which show a tendency to calcify, are due to glan- 

 ders infection. Schiitz has (always ?) found a small round- 

 worm in them, and denies that they are connected with 

 glanders (C. B. xxiii, 901). 



Experimental Observations Regarding Pathogenic 

 Effects.^ — (rt) On animals: For experimental purposes 

 the guinea-pig is best, and next the field mouse (Arvicola 

 arvalis) (Loffler). Also the following may be used 

 (Kitt): Mus sylvaticus (wood mouse) and Arvicola am- 

 phibius (water rat). The rabbit is slightly susceptible. 

 Immunity exists in the case of gray and white house 

 mice ^ (LofHer) and rats. Experiments upon cats and 

 dogs have more disadvantages than advantages. 



The most important animal experiment is the injection 

 of 2 c.c. (not too little) of a suspension of the pure cul- 

 ture or of the crushed, suspected organ through the median 

 line above the bladder into the abdominal cavity of a male 

 guinea-pig (Straus, Arch, de Med. exp., i, 1889, 460). 

 After forty-eight to seventy-two hours there is presented a 

 marked swelling, redness, and tenderness of the scrotum 

 as a pathognomonic symptom of the successful transfer of 

 glanders. The swelling is dependent upon the formation 

 of numerous glanders nodules upon the tunica vaginalis 

 testis, the two layers of which are stuck together by a 

 purulent exudate; and glanders nodules also occur inside 

 the testicle. After twelve to fifteen days, sometimes even 

 four to eight days, the animals die, before which suppura- 

 tion in the testicle may have discharged externally. To 

 expedite the diagnosis, the diseased testicle may be exam- 

 ined even before the death of the animal by means of 

 potato cultures, etc. Subcutaneous injections are not to 



' Experiments are permissible only in well-equipped laboratories 

 and with most extreme precautions 



' Aooording to Shattook, they become sick only at a later time, and 

 die after two or three weeks (C. B. xxv, 323). 



