MEASLES. 469 



tion. The organisms lie below the characteristic pseudo- 

 membrane in abundance. For their demonstration the 

 organs are first hardened in concentrated sublimate solu- 

 tion, then in alcohols of increasing strengths. The sec- 

 tions are stained ten minutes in cold phenolthionin solu- 

 tion, placed in alcoholic solution of iodin a few seconds 

 (0.01 iodin in 200 alcohol), washed with alcohol, and 

 finally counterstained with safranin. The inoculation of 

 animals was successful only when streptococci, B. coli, 

 pyocyaneum, etc., were also inoculated with the special 

 bacterium. The organism appears strikingly similar to 

 those found in stomatitis ulcerosa (see below). Also 

 sometimes abundant spirochsetje are found in hospital 

 gangrene. 



Pneumonia in Cattle. 



(P^ripneumonie des bovid^es.) 



It does not lie within the scope of this book to speak of 

 the cause of this disease in detail, while, on account of its 

 extreme minuteness, nothing definite can be said of its 

 form even when magnified two thousand times. The cul- 

 tivation was primarily successful when small, thin, collo- 

 dion sacs, containing bouillon and a trace of the fluid from 

 the lung of a sick animal, were placed in the abdominal 

 cavities of living guinea-pigs. After fifteen to twenty days 

 the sacs were removed, and the fluid was found very slightly 

 cloudy because of the above-mentioned, most minute, 

 motile objects. By means of the organisms which have 

 been transplanted repeatedly upon artificial nutrient 

 media, cattle may be infected in the characteristic manner, 

 and the organism again be cultivated in vitro in peptone 

 solution to which a few drops of serum have been added. 

 (See Nocard and Roux, Annales de I'Inst. Pasteur, 1898, 

 240.) 



Measles. 



Canon and Pielicke (C. B. xiv, 287) claim to have found 

 constantlj^ in fourteen cases of measles a bacterium which 

 is most variable in size (very minute to 3.4 /i), and which 

 stains interruptedly with a mixture of 80 c. c. of saturated 

 aqueous solution of methylene-blue and 20 c.c. of 0.25% 



