WINTER RANGES. 



13 



Another phase of protection relates to the proper regulation of 

 shooting during the fall and winter. This phase concerns a much 

 larger number of species of waterfowl than the question of hunting 

 during the breeding season. For although only 24 species nest within 

 the United States, 46 species are found here during winter, as will 

 appear from the following lists: 



WINTER RANGES. 

 Species that Winter Principally in the United States and Southward. 



Hooded merganser," Lophodyles cucul- 



latus. 

 Mallard, Anas boschas (on the Pacific 



coast to the Aleutian Islands). 

 Black duck, Anas obscura. 

 Red-legged duck, Anas obscura rubripes 



(occasional in winter in Nova Scotia). 

 Florida duck, Anas fulvigula. 

 Spotted black duck, Anas fulvigula macu- 

 losa. 

 Gadwall, Chaulelasmus streperus. 

 Baldpate, " Mareca americana. 

 Green-winged teal, Nettion carolinense. 

 Blue-winged teal, a Querquedula discors. 

 Sho veler, " Spatula clypeata. 

 Pintail, " Daftta acuta. 

 Wood duck, a Aix sponsa. 

 Redhead," Aylhya americana. 

 Canvasback," Aythya vallisneria. 

 Scaup duck. Aythya marila (rare in 



southern Canada and on the Pacific coast 



to the Aleutians). 

 Lesser scaup duck," Aythya affinis. 

 Ring-necked duck," Aythya collaris. 

 American golden-eye, Clangula clangula 



americana ( rare in southern Canada, and 



on the Pacific coast to the Aleutians). 



Species that Winter in the United States and Canada. 



Buflle-head, Charitonetla albeola (on the 



Pacific coast to the Aleutians). 

 Ruddy duck," Erismatura jamaicensis. 

 Lesser snow goose," Chen hyperborea. 

 Greater snow goose, Chen hyperborea 



nivalis. 

 Blue goose, Chen cserulescens. 

 Ross goose, Chen rossii. 

 American white-fronted goose, Anser 



albifrons gambeli. 

 Canada goose, " Branla canadensis. 

 Hutchins goose," Branta canadensis hutch- 



insii. 

 White-cheeked goose, Branla canadensis 



occidentalis. 

 Cackling goose," Branta canadensis 



minima. 

 Brant, Branta bernicla glaucogastra. 

 Black brant, Branla nigricans. 

 Fulvous tree-duck, Dendrocygna fulva. 

 Whistling swan," Olor columbianus. 

 Trumpeter swan," Olor buccinator. 



American merganser, Merganser ameri- 



canus. 

 Red-breasted merganser, Merganser serra- 



tor. 

 Barrow golden-eye, Clangula islandica. 

 Old squaw, Harelda hyemalis. 



Harlequin duck, Histrionicus hislrionicus. 

 American eider, Somateria dresseri. 

 Spectacled eider, Somateria speclabilis. 

 American scoter, Oidemia americana. 

 White-winged scoter, Oidemia deglandi. 

 .Surf scoter, Oidem la perspicillala. 



If ducks are to be protected for reasons other than esthetic, there 

 must be an open season. Most will agree that so far as the perpetua- 

 tion of species alone is concerned this open season should be during 

 migration, and preferably during the fall migration. The data pre- 

 sented later in this bulletin show that ducks begin to leave their 



" Winters also in southern British Columbia. 



