16 



NORTH AMERICAN DUCKS, GEESE, AND SWANS. 



forms; but the following 7 of these do not range so far north as the 

 United States: 



Species occurring in Central America, West Indies, or Mexico, but not known 

 to reach the united states. 



Muscovy duck, Cairina moschala. 

 Diaz duck, Anas diazi. 

 Abert duck, Anas aberli. 

 Bahama duck, Pcecilonetta bahamensis. 

 White-faced tree-duck, Dendrocygna vidu- 

 ata. 



Whistling duck, Dendrocygna arborea. 

 Southern red-billed tree-duck, Dendro- 

 cygna discolor. 



There remain 64 species and subspecies that occur in the United 

 States and northward, but 11 of these are only accidental in North 

 America. One of them, Mareca penelope, has been recorded about 80 

 times in various parts of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 

 JVettion crecca has been captured about twenty times in the same 

 regions. JVetta rufina has been found only once — in New York market. 

 The other 7 occur more or less regularly in Greenland, but are not 

 known on the mainland of North America. These 11 species arei 



European Species occurring in North America as Stragglers. 



White-fronted goose, Anser albifrons. 

 Bean goose, Anser fabalis t 

 Brant, Branta bernicla. 

 Barnacle goose, Branta leucopsis. 

 Whooping swan, Olor cygnus. 



European smew, Mergus albellus. 

 Widgeon, a Mareca penelope. 

 European teal," Nettion crecca. 

 Ruddy sheldrake, Casarca casarca. 

 Rufous-crested duck, Nella rufina. 

 Velvet scoter, Oidemia fusca. 



Four species of eider ducks and the emperor goose are so de- 

 cidedly boreal that they do not come south to the United States 

 even in winter. These are: 



Species that Breed and Winter North op the United States. 



Pacific eider, Somateria v-nigra. 

 Emperor goose, Philacte canagica. 

 • ciderital in California. ) 



(Ac- 



Steller eider, Polysticta stelleri. 

 Spectacled eider, Arctonetta fischeri. 

 Northern eider, Somateria mollissima bore- 

 alis (rare on the New England coast). 



Deducting these, there are 54 species which regularly visit the 

 United States during some portion of the year. Many of these, how- 

 ever, spend the breeding season north of the United States, and come 

 south only in the winter season. Among these last are included both 

 species of swans and most of the geese. Several species of ducks 

 select Canada as their principal breeding ground, but a few indi- 

 viduals remain to breed in the northern part of the United States or 

 in the mountains of the West. These are the scaup (Aythya mania), 

 American golden-eye (Clangula clangula americana), Barrow golden- 

 eye (Clangula islandica), buffle-head (Charitonetta albeola), harlequin- 



° Occurs in the United States; Netla rufina but once. 



