18 NORTH AMERICAN DUCKS, GEESE, AND SWANS. 



Western Species, with Eastern Limit op Regular Range. 



Cinnamon teal, Querquedula cyanoptera 



(Kansas). 

 Steller eider, Polysticta stelleri (Alaska). 

 Spectacled eider, Arclonetta fischeri 



(Alaska). 

 Pacific eider, Somateria v-nigra (Macken- 



me). 

 Ross goose, Chen rossii (Hudson Bay). 



White-cheeked goose, Branta canadensis 



occidenialis (Nevada). 

 Cackling goose, Branta canadensis minima 



(California). 

 Black brant, Branta nigricans (Nevada 



and Mackenzie). 

 Emperor goose, Philacte 



(Alaska). 



canagica 



Southern Limits op Species whose Winter Range extends Sooth op the United 



States. 



American merganser, Merganser ameri- 

 canus (Mexico, accidental). 



Red-breasted merganser, Merganser ser- 

 rator (Mexico). 



Hooded merganser, Lophodytes cucullalus 

 (Mexico). 



Mallard, Anas boschas (Panama). 



Black duck, Anas obscura (Jamaica, acci- 

 dental). 



Gad wall, Chaulelasmus slreperus (Mexico). 



Baldpate, Mareca americana (Costa Rica). 



Green-winged teal, Neltion carolinense 

 (Honduras). 



Blue-winged teal, Querquedula diseors 

 (Chile). 



Cinnamon teal, Querquedula cyanoptera 

 (Patagonia). 



Shoveler, Spatula clypeata (Colombia) . 



Pintail, Dafila acuta (Panama). 



Wood duck, Aix sponsa (Mexico). 



Redhead, Aythya americana (Mexico) . 



Canvasback, Aythya vallisneria (Guate- 

 mala, accidental). 



Scaup duck, Aythya, marila (Bahamas). 



Lesser scaup duck, Aythya affinis (Pan- 

 ama). 



Ring-necked duck, Aythya collaris (Guate- 

 mala). 



American golden-eye, Clangula clangula 

 americana (Mexico). 



Buffle-head, Charilonetta albeola (Mexico). 



White-winged scoter, Oidemia deglandi 

 (Mexico). 



Surf scoter, Oidemiaperspicillala (Mexico). 



Ruddy duck, Erismatura jamaicensis 

 (Costa Rica, accidental). 



Masked duck, Nomonyx dominions (Ar- 

 gentina). 



Lesser snow goose, Chen hyperborea (Mex- 

 ico). 



American white-fronted goose, Anser albi- 

 frons gambeli (Mexico). 



Hutchins goose, Branta canadensis hutch- 

 insii (Mexico). 



White-cheeked goose, Branta canadensis 

 occidenialis (Mexico). 



Black brant, Branta nigricans (Mexico). 



Black-bellied tree-duck, Dendrocygna au- 

 iumnalis (Panama). 



Fulvous tree-duck, Dendrocygna fulva 

 (Argentina). 



Whistling swan, Olor columbianus (Mex- 

 ico). 



Species breeding regularly in the northern United States 19 



Southern species ranging north to the southern United States 5 



Species breeding in the United States 24 



Species wintering in the United States but breeding northward 24 



Species breeding or wintering in the United States 48 



Species breeding and wintering north of the United States 5 



Species breeding chiefly north of the Arctic Circle 15 



Species breeding in the United States and northward 53 



European species straggling to North America H 



Species occurring in the United States and northward g4 



Southern species not ranging north to the United States 7 



Total species and subspecies in North America 7^ 



