CINNAMON TEAL. 35 



Winter range. — The cinnamon teal of North America retires in 

 winter but little south of its breeding range in Mexico as far as Mazat- 

 lan, Guanajuato, and the Laguna de Chapulco, Puebla. It is found at 

 this season as far north as Brownsville, Tex., central New Mexico, 

 southern Arizona, and Tulare Lake, California. South of Mexico the 

 only record is of an accidental occurrence in Costa Rica. There is no 

 reliable record as yet for the West Indies. 



During the winter season the cinnamon teal of the Southern Hemi- 

 sphere has been noted as far south as the mouth of the Senger River, 

 in Patagonia, latitude 44° S., and Chiloe Island, Chile, in nearly the 

 same latitude. The northern range in winter is not determinable with 

 exactness from present data. The species passes north to Rio Grande 

 do Sul, Brazil, and to southern Paraguay. It has been noted at 

 Chorillos and Tungasuca, Peru; near Quito, Ecuador; at Bogota and 

 Santa Marta, Colombia. These Ecuador and Colombia teal may be 

 accidental occurrences; it is significant, at least, that all the specimens 

 from Colombia were taken a half a century ago, and the species has 

 not been noted there by recent collectors. 



Spring migration. — The northward movement of the cinnamon teal 

 in the United States begins about the 1st of March, and arrivals have 

 been noted at Ash Meadows, Nevada, March 18, 1891; Grangeville, 

 Idaho, April 11, 1887; Chilliwack, British Columbia, April 2i, 1888, 

 and April 22, 1889; Beloit, Colo., March 23, 1892; Colorado Springs, 

 April 9, 1882; Loveland, Colo., April 13, 1890; Lay, Colo., April 20, 

 1890; Omaha, Nebr., April 10, 1896, and April 12, 1897; Lake Como, 

 Wyoming, about May 5. 



Fall migration. — Southward migration occurs chiefly in September, 

 and the northern portion of the breeding grounds from British Co- 

 lumbia to eastern Colorado is deserted about the middle of October. 



Migration in South America. — The cinnamon teal of South Amer- 

 ica is migratory in at least part of its range, for in central Argentina 

 it is abundant during the winter season, April to September, and rare 

 or lacking during the breeding period. The species is migratory also 

 in the southern portion of its range in Chile. In northern Chile and 

 in Peru migration records are wanting. The time and direction of the 

 migration of this species in South America correspond closely with 

 those in the United States, but of course the breeding and wintering 

 seasons are reversed, since they are on opposite sides of the equator. 



Thus the cinnamon teal is distributed in two distinct colonies, part 

 of the individuals breeding far north of the equator, and the rest, 

 about an equal distance to the south. The northern breeders migrate 

 south after nesting, and the southern breeders migrate north. Whether 

 or not the members of these two groups now represent subspecies, they 

 are so much alike as to indicate a common origin and a former con- 

 tinuous breeding range. Whether isolation was gradual or was effected 

 rapidly it is impossible to say, nor do we know the cause. 



