58 NORTH AMERICAN DUCKS, GEESE. AND SWANS. 



the interior it has occurred on the Great Lakes; at Ottawa, -Ontario; 

 Licking Reservoir, Ohio; Lake Koshkonong, Wisconsin; and Love- 

 land, Colo. 



Spring migration. — After severe winters, when they have been 

 driven away by the ice, American eiders return to Prince Edward 

 Island about the last week in March and to Newfoundland the first of 

 April. The last are seen on the Massachusetts coast in April (April 

 18, 1890; April 20, 1891; April 12, 1893; April 20, 1894;"^ unusually 

 late bird was seen May 18, 1892). Eggs were found at Grand Manan, 

 New Brunswick, May 31, 1833, and young on the south coast of Lab- 

 rador July 4, 1860. 



Fall migration. — They first appear off the Massachusetts coast early 

 in November, occasionally in October (October 10, 1890; October 30, 

 1892), and are common by the end of November. 



Somateria v-nigra Gray. Pacific Eider. 



Breeding range. — The principal summer home of this eider is on the 

 coasts and islands of Bering Sea and along the coast of the Arctic 

 Ocean between the mouths of the Mackenzie and the Coppermine 

 rivers. The species breeds west to the northeastern coast of Siberia 

 and south to Cook Inlet, Kadiak Island, the Aleutians, Near, and 

 Commander islands; it is accidental in the interior at Great Slave Lake 

 and at Lawrence, Kans. It is probable that the eiders so abundant 

 on Banks Land belong to this form and that a few range north to 

 Melville Island. 



Winter ra?ige. — The species seems to be massed during winter at the 

 southern portion of the breeding range in the vicinity of the Aleutians. 



Spring migration. — Early arrivals are sometimes seen near the 

 mouth of the Yukon the last of April, but usually they appear about 

 May 10. At Point Barrow the dates of arrival are May 16, 1882, and 

 May 19, 1883. On the Kowak River eggs were found June 2, and the 

 young appear about the first of July. Incubation seems to be simul- 

 taneous over all the district from the mouth of the Yukon to that of 

 the Anderson. 



Fall migration. — Pacific eiders seem to disappear from all points in 

 their summer haunts at about the same time, the first week in October, 

 but for several weeks previously numbers migrate along the north coast 

 of Alaska. Many individuals winter and summer in the same locality, 

 while the birds breeding about the mouth of the Coppermine River 

 migrate at least 2,000 miles. 



Somateria spectaVjilis (Linn.). King Eider. 



Breeding range. — The king eider breeds in the arctic regions. It 

 is abundant on the west coast of Greenland, breeding from latitude 66° 

 north as far as land goes, to at least latitude 82° 30'; south to Nachvak, 



