WHITE-WINGED SCOTER. 61 



Oidemia degjlandi Bonap. White-winged Scoter. 



Breeding range. — This scoter breeds along the north shore of the 

 Gulf of St. Lawrence and north to Nachvak Bay, Labrador, about 

 latitude 59°; in the interior it breeds in North Dakota (Devils Lake), 

 Manitoba, Alberta, and north to Hudson Bay and the Arctic coast. 

 On the Pacific coast it breeds from British Columbia (158-Mile House) 

 north to Kotzebue Sound and the coast of northeastern Siberia, 

 rarely to Point Barrow. It is not common anywhere in Alaska. 

 Nonbreeders remain as far south in summer as the coast of California 

 and are not uncommon along the New England coast south to Rhode 

 Island. 



Winter range. — The Gulf of St. Lawrence and south along the 

 Atlantic coast to South Carolina — accidental in Florida — constitutes 

 the winter range. The species is especially common on the coast of 

 Massachusetts and Long Island Sound. In the interior it extends its 

 range south regularly and commonly to the Great Lakes; less com- 

 monly to the smaller bodies of water in the neighboring States; casually 

 to Louisiana, Illinois (opposite St. Louis), Iowa (Lost Island Lake), 

 Nebraska (Omaha, Lincoln), Colorado (Fort Collins, Loveland, Long- 

 mont, Denver). It winters on the Pacific coast from Unalaska Island 

 to San Quentin Bay, Lower California. 



Spring migration. — Earl}' northward movements on the New Eng- 

 land coast begin late in March, and at about this time the first migrants 

 appear in the Gulf of St. Lawrence; the principal flights occur from 

 the middle of April to the first week in May. At Heron Lake, Minn., 

 where the species does not winter, the first were noted April 6, 1888; 

 March 21, 1889; April 5, 1890, and April 9, 1891; at Aweme, Mani- 

 toba, April 27, 1897; April 15, 1898, and April 22, 1899. In the Devils 

 Lake region of North Dakota the earliest eggs are laid about the mid- 

 dle of June, and the first eggs were taken at Lake Manitoba in 1894 

 on June 26. These dates seem late, -since eggs were taken near 

 Fort Anderson, Mackenzie, June 22, 1865, and downy young were 

 found near Fort Yukon, Alaska, June 23, 1866. 



Fall migration. — Unusually early arrivals have been noted on the 

 Massachusetts coast by August 10; the average date when the first of 

 the regular flight appear is September 6, and the greater flocks pass 

 October 10-20; the first were seen near Baltimore, Md. , September 

 12, 1894, and the same latitude in the interior seems to be reached a 

 month later, as attested by the following dates of arrival: Heron Lake, 

 Minn., October 11, 1886; Lincoln, Nebr., October 14, 1899; Denver, 

 Colo., October 16, 1890; Longmont, Colo., October 20, 1901; Love- 

 land, Colo., October 11, 1903. On the coast of California migrants 

 arrive the last of August. 



