78 ' NORTH AMERICAN DUCKS, GEESE, AND SWANS. 



date of its arrival in northern North Dakota and southern Manitoba is 

 April 12, fully two weeks later than the Canada goose arrives. Hud- 

 son Bay is reached early in May and the extreme northern part of the 

 range not much before the first of June. The first was noted near the 

 mouth of the Yukon River May 8 and on the Kowak River May 14. 

 Eggs were taken near Fort Anderson, Mackenzie, June 10, 1864, and 

 June 14, 1865. 



Fall migration. — Small family parties begin to flock early in August 

 and flocks appear at Aweme, Manitoba, on the average September 21 

 (earliest September 13, 1904). First arrivals were noted at Terry, 

 Mont., September 22, 1904; Delavan, Wis., October 12, 1894; central 

 Kansas, October 5-13; central California about the first of October. 

 The last noted at Cape McDonnel, Great Bear Lake, was on Septem- 

 ber 25 ; at Fort Wrigley, Mackenzie, October 12, and on the Kowak 

 River, Alaska, September 14. 



Brauta canadensis occidentalis (Baird). White-Cheeked Goose. 



This form is confined to the Pacific slope and breeds from the 

 Klamath Lakes and Lake Tahoe, north to Sitka and Mitkof Island. 

 It winters from Washington south to San Diego County, Cal. It 

 appears south of its breeding range in early November and starts 

 north so early in the spring that after the middle of March few are 

 left in the southern part of the winter range. 



Branta canadensis minima Ridgw. Cackling Goose. 



This form is confined during the breeding season to Alaska, where it 

 breeds abundantly along the coast from the Kowak River to the north 

 side of the Alaska Peninsula. It breeds very abundantly also on the 

 western Aleutians. It winters in southern British Columbia and 

 thence south to San Diego County, Cal. It has been known to wander 

 east to Hudson Bay, Wisconsin, and Colorado. 



It is the earliest goose to reach the mouth of the Yukon in spring 

 migration, arriving there from the 25th to the 30th of April, a few 

 days after the last have deserted the southern portion of the winter 

 range. The return movement begins late in August, is at its height 

 by the middle of September, and the first arrive in central California 

 about the first of October. The species deserts the Yukon region the 

 last of September or early in October, and the Aleutians about the 

 middle of November. 



Branta bernicla (Linn.). Brant. 



This is the Old World species that breeds north of the mainland 

 of Europe and extends west to the east coast of Greenland; winters 

 in northern Europe, rarely south to the Mediterranean. 



