CLASSIFICATION OF THE ANIMAL KINGDOM. 85 
; Protozoa (ameeba, vorticella, etc.). 
| Coelenterata (sponges, jelly-fish, polyps, etc.). 
| Echinodermata (star-fish, sea-urchins, etc.), 
, Inverte- | Vermes (worms). 
| brata. ‘ Arthropods (crabs, insects, spiders, etc.). 
* Mollusca (oysters, snails, etc.). 
vat mal | Molluscoidea (moss-like animals). 
Tare ) {| Tunicata (ascidians). 
om. 
Pisces (fishes). 
Amphibia (frogs, menobranchus, etc.). 
| Vertebrata. { Reptilia (snakes, turtles, etc.). 
| Aves (birds). 
| Mammalia (domestic quadrupeds, etc.). 
The above classification (of Claus) is, like all such arrange- 
*ments, but the expression of one out of many methods of view- 
ing the animal kingdom. 
For the details of classification and for the grounds of that 
we have presented, we refer the student to works on zodlogy; 
but we advise those who are not familiar with this subject, 
when a technical term is used, to think of that animal belong- 
ing to the group in question with the structure of which they 
are best acquainted. 
Man’s PLACE IN THE ANIMAL KINGDOM. 
It is no longer the custom with zodlogists to place man in 
an entirely separate group by himself; but he is classed with 
the primates, among which are also grouped the anthropoid 
apes (gorilla, chimpanzee, orang, and the gibbon), the monkeys 
of the Old and of the New World, and the lemurs. So great is 
the structural resemblance of man and the other primates that 
competent authorities declare that there is more difference be- 
tween the structure of the most widely separated members of 
the group than between certain of the anthropoid apes and man. 
The points of greatest resemblance between man and the 
anthropoid apes are the following: The same number of verte- 
bree ; the same general shape of the pelvis; a brain distinguish- 
ing them from other mammals; and posture, being bipeds. 
The distinctive characters are size, rather than form of the 
brain, that of man being more than twice as large; a relatively 
larger cranial base, by which, together with the greater size of 
the jaws, the face becomes prominent; the earlier closure of 
the sutures of the cranium, arresting the growth of the brain; 
more developed canine teeth and difference in the order of 
eruption of the permanent teeth; the more posterior position 
of the foramen magnum; the relative length of the limbs to 
