944 ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY. 
SPECIES. Adult. Youth. Old age. 
Horstiadise acesssaees = 36- 40 60- 72 82- 38 
Ass and mule. . tt 46-— 50 65- 75 55- 60 
OR. Giiseanersauhaett 45- 50 60- 70 40- 45 
Sheep and goat .... ..-| 70- 80 85- 95 55- 60 
SP Bris oy ccecatecsvdun storann aia ated ceeeeet  70- 80 100-110 55- 60 
DGG iiss ceioutahoresacexeae acpi cies spied 90-100 110-120 60- 70 
CAE gecexegase Raion nae inc tanned cielee sea 120-140 120-140 100-120 
The variations with age, for the horse and the ox, are as fol- 
lows, according to Kreutzer: 
Horse. Ox. 
AU Dinthiss.d casvamu sig eaviewlces 100-120 | At birth... ............. 0 92-132 
When 14 days old............ 80- 96 | When 4-5 days old........... 100-120 
When 8 months old.......... 68— 76| When 14 days old............ 68 
When 6 months old.......... 64— 72| When 4-6 weeks old.......... 64 
When 1 year old............. 48- 56; When 6-12 months old......, 56- 68 
When 2 years old............ 40- 48| For the young cow...-....... : 46 
When 3 years old............ 38- 48] For the four-year-old ox...... 40 
When 4 years old............ 38- 50 
When aged...........-0..2.- 32- 40 
THB PULSE. 
Naturally the intermittent action of the heart gives rise to 
corresponding phenomena in the elastic tubes into which it 
may be said to be continued, for it is very desirable to keep in 
mind the complete continuity of the vascular system. 
The following phenomena are easy of observation: When a 
finger-tip is laid on any artery, an interrupted pressure is felt; 
if the vessel be laid bare (or observed in an old man), it may 
be seen to be moved in its bed forward and upward; the press- 
ure is less the farther the artery from the heart; if the vessel 
be opened, blood flows from it continuously, but in spurts; if 
one finger be laid on the carotid and another on a distant ves- 
sel, as one of the arteries of the foot, it may be observed (though 
it is not easy, from difficulty in attending to two events. hap- 
pening so very close together) that the beat in the nearer ves- 
sel precedes by a slight interval that in the more distant. 
Investigating the latter phenomenon with instruments, it is 
found that an appreciable interval, depending on the distance 
apart of the points observed, intervenes. 
What is the explanation of these facts ? 
The student may get at this by a few additional observa- 
tions that can be easily made. 
