THE BRAIN. 503 
remain inscrutable; so that it follows that human eonscious- 
ness must be the final court of appeal; and that we must de- 
pend more upon clinical and pathological investigation than 
upon experiment; but even this is not final, and in the end our 
own conscious experience will alone enable us to interpret facts 
of the character now discussed. Assume that a human subject 
has been operated upon as above indicated, and feels so dizzy 
that he is unable to walk steadily, and possibly unable to re- 
main standing. If interrogated, what would be the answers 
given by an accurate reporter, with no bias from any theory 
whatever bearing on the subject ? As we conceive, somewhat 
as follows: “How do you feel? Why can you not rise and 
remain standing, or walk?” “I feel all confused. I can not 
stand or walk because I do not seem to be able to make out 
what I should do. I have no clear ideas of things about me, 
and so do not know how to proceed.” Put in more abstract or 
generalized form, this amounts to saying: “I am so confused 
by conflicting sensations that all my old judgments about the 
world are upset, yet memory and reason, in so far as I can exer- 
cise them, tell me that they are wrong, and I fear to act, and so 
remain still; or, when I do try to stand or walk, my confusion 
leads to a sort of loss of control over my thoughts and feelings, 
and therefore my will-power, so that any effort to walk is fee- 
bly directed by will, and little regulated by my usual feelings; 
hence I accomplish little, and lose confidence in myself.” Such 
may be considered an attempt, and only fairly successful, no 
doubt, so great is the complexity of the state of consciousness 
resulting, to describe the condition of a human being under 
such circumstances, as derived from a consultation with our 
experiences under peculiar conditions, as the various forms of 
giddiness, intense and sudden surprise, and a host of others not 
readily named but still real. With a bird or quadruped the 
case must be somewhat similar. 
It has been suggested that there is experimental evidence to 
show a power of estimation of the distance and direction through 
which a human subject is moved, independent of the data fur- 
nished by other senses, as sight, tactile, and muscular sensation, 
etc. When an individual, blindfolded, lies upon a flat surface 
and is gently rotated through a certain angle, it is said that the 
subject of the experiment can make a fair estimate both of the 
direction and distance through which he is moved, from which 
it is argued that there is a sense answering to this result, and 
located, presumably, in the semicircular canals. But, in the 
