THE BRAIN. 523 
sis. It was then asserted by certain experimenters that such 
was the case, while others strenuously denied this. By com- 
Fia. 383.—Outer surface of cerebrum (after Exner). The shaded porson represents the motor 
in man and the monkey—i. e., the area which most observers believe to be associated with 
certain voluntary movements of the limbs, etc. 
bining the method of stimulation with that of' ablation (or the 
removal of definite portions of the cortex), a very extensive 
localization was established by certain observers (Hitzig, Fer- 
rier, etc.). This was not confined to motor functions, but in- 
volved sensory ones. 
On the other hand, one physiologist (Goltz) has from the 
first maintained, as the result of experiments on the dog, that 
localization of the character described by the above-mentioned 
observers does not exist. He finds that no amount of ablation 
of the cerebrum will lead to paralysis, and that, if lesions in 
any part be but extensive enough, the sensory perceptions and 
the intelligence of the animal are impaired. It is found that 
the movements of dogs, after the removal of a considerable por- 
tion of the cerebral cortex are awkward; that one or all of the 
animal’s sensory perceptions may be impaired; that, in fact, 
the creature may be reduced to a mere eating and drinking 
machine, as it were; but that paralysis proper does not exist. 
