THE BRAIN. 529 
the fowl, rabbit, Guinea-pig, crayfish, frog, etc. This condition 
is readily induced in the common fowl, more especially the 
wilder individuals, by holding the creature with the bill down 
ona table and the whole animal perfectly quiet for a short 
time. Upon the removal of the pressure the bird remains per- 
fectly passive and apparently asleep for some little time. 
The subject of hypnotism and allied conditions has of late 
received close attention from a large number of observers. 
Among other surprising results as the consequence of “hypnotic 
suggestion,” certain pathological effects have been produced: 
thus, placing a piece of tissue-paper on the skin, with the sug- 
gestion that an actual blister is being applied, has resulted in 
the usual effects of such treatment. 
Somnambulism is very similar to hypnotism. Individuals 
have been known to walk, ride, climb, go upon a journey and 
pay toll, and also to perform their ordinary avocations. A 
student has been known to write a sermon, read it over, and 
make corrections, and when a piece of pasteboard was placed 
before his eyes this still went on, showing that the images 
were mental. 
Without being actually hypnotized, by careful observation 
of one’s experiences for a considerable period, one may catch, 
as it were, the realization, at different times, of the various 
phenomena that characterize the hypnotic condition, even to 
‘details—though not, of course, in that complex combination 
which would result in such partial or complete loss of conscious- 
ness as marks the actual condition; for in that case observa- 
tion would be very difficult, if not impossible. To illustrate our 
meaning briefly, one may walk a considerable distance, noticing 
absolutely nothing consciously, but wholly absorbed in one 
idea, or possibly without any distinct train of thought. In such 
acase there is neither vision, hearing, nor tactile sensation in 
the ordinary sense. The person is, in fact, for the time practi- 
cally in the somnambulistic condition or one closely allied to it. 
There are times when vision is in abeyance, or only one eye 
used. Though apparently looking, we do not see. The sensory 
perceptions from the skin may be so purely unilateral that the 
other side is practically anesthetic from close attention to the 
condition of one side. All are familiar with unilateral vaso- 
motor effects, such as the redness and “ burning” of one cheek 
or one ear, and so of many other experiences that might be re- 
ferred to did space permit. Such realizations furnish the highest 
kind of knowledge, we might say the only true knowledge. 
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