THE SENSE OF TASTE. 625 
The glosso-pharyngeal is the principal nerve for the back of 
the tongue, and for the tip, the lingual; or according to some 
special fibers in this nerve, derived from the chorda tympani. 
Fra. 466. Fia. 467. 
Fie. 466.—Medium-sized circumvallate papilla (after Sappey). 
Fie. 467.—Various kinds of papille (after Sappey). 1, fungiform ; 2, 3, 4,5, 6, filiform; 7, 
hemispherical papille. 
It is worthy of note that temperature has much to do with 
gustatory sensations, a very low or a very high temperature 
being fatal to nice discrimination, and, as would be expected, a 
Fic. 468.—Taste-buds, from tongue of rabbit (after Engelmann). 
temperature not far removed from “ body-heat” (40° C.) is the 
most suitable. 
A certain amount of pressure is favorable to tasting, as any 
one may easily determine by simply allowing some solution of 
quinine to rest on the tongue, and comparing the sensation with 
that resulting when the same is rubbed into the organ; hence 
the importance of the movements of the tongue in appreciating 
the sapid qualities of food. 
Pathological. Among insane persons both olfactory and 
40 
