THE CEREBRO-SPINAL SYSTEM OF NERVES, 681 
cerned with reflexes, as sneezing, winking, etc. Certain secre- 
tory acts are often excited through this nerve, as lachrymation, 
») 
Fie. 471.—Limits of cutaneous distribution of sensory nerves to face, head, and neck (after 
Béclard). 1, cutaneous distribution of fewer division of fifth nerve ; 2, of superior 
maxillary division ; 3, 8, of inferior maxillary ; 4, of anterior branches of cervical nerves ; 
5, 5, of posterior branches of cervical nerves. 
when the nasal mucous membrane is stimulated ; indeed, the 
paths for afferent impulses giving rise to reflexes, including 
secretion, are very numerous. 
Gustatory impulses from the anterior end and lateral edges 
of the tongue are conveyed by the lingual (gustatory) branch 
of this nerve. Many are of opinion, however, that the fibers 
of the chorda tympani, which afterward leave the lingual to 
unite with the facial nerve, alone convey such impressions. 
The subject can not be regarded as quite settled. Tactile sensi- 
bility in the tongue is very pronounced, as we have all experi- 
enced when a tooth, etc., has for some reason presented an un- 
usual surface quality, and become a source of constant offense 
to the tongue. 
The ganglia of the fifth nerve, so far as the functions of 
their cells are concerned, are enigmatical at present. They are 
doubtless in some sense trophic at least. With each of these 
are nerve connections (“roots” of the ganglia), which seem 
to contain different kinds of fibers. These ganglia are con- 
nected with the main nerve-centers by both afferent and efferent 
nerves, and also with the sympathetic nerves themselves. Some 
_Tegard the ganglia as the representatives of the sympathetic 
system within the cranium. 
I. The Ciliary (Ophthalmic, Lenticular) Ganglion.—Its three 
roots are: 1, From the branch of the third nerve to the inferior 
