644 ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY. 
The whole of the supra-laryngeal cavities, the trachea and 
bronchial tubes, may be regarded as resonance-chambers, the 
former of which are of the most importance, so far as the 
quality of the voice is concerned. There seems to be little 
doubt that they have much to do with determining the differ- 
ences by which one individual’s voice at the same pitch differs 
from another; nor is the view that they may have a slight in- 
fluence on the pitch of the voice, or even its intensity, to be 
ignored. 
The epiglottis, in so far as it has any effect, in all probability 
modifies the voice in the direction of quality. 
The range of any one voice in pitch is, of course, much less 
than what may be termed the human vocal limit—i. e., the 
range of the deepest, the intermediate, and the highest voices 
combined. 
The following graphic representation will serve a good pur- 
pose. It will be observed that the extreme limits are tones of 
about eighty and one thousand vibrations per second, respect- 
ively. 
256 Soprano. 1024 
171 Contralto. 684 -. 
l les 
Fon a ee VE eee ee See, Sees oe + 
~ EFGAB cdefgab ¢Wefgab FO aay 
Z t I 
tl fan t 
ANS a 
v ra — | Cc” a” a 5 od g” al’ b’ el” 
ll | 
80 i Bass. 342 
128 Tenor. 512 
Fig. 482.—This figure illustrates the range of the different kinds of voices, and the number of 
mipeatious answering to the compass of each. The limits here indicated are, of course, not 
absolute. . 
The Registers and the Falsetto-Voice—Among points most dis- 
puted even yet are the registers and the falsetto-voice. The 
subject of registers turns upon the answer to the question, 
What is the natural method of producing tones? All admit 
that they may be sung with different vocal mechanisms, so to 
speak—i. e.. that different persons, as a matter of fact, do not 
co-ordinate the various parts of the larynx in quite the same 
way. In attempting to settle a question of this character a 
good deal of difference in individuality must be allowed for; 
and, given equally effective results, viewed artistically, that 
