Lnutroduction. 
XXXV 
Herbs with parallel-veined leaves and umbellate flowérs 
Commelynacce, page 536 
Placentas pariotal. 
Shrubs with linear net-veined leaves . 
Perianth-segments similar. 
Philesia, p. 
Flowers seattered, ineonspicnous, Leaves flut or fistular, 
Juncacee, p. 
Flowers on a spadix. Leaves usually broad with reticulated 
veins . . ° . 
Aroidee, p. 
Flowers usually sinnbeliate, Teanes orn net-veined and 
. Smilacinee, p. 
ribbed. Shrubs . . . . 
Outer perianth-segments petaloid. 
Carpels more or less distinct. 
Placentas spread over the dissepiments. An aquatic with long 
triquetrous leaves and umbellate flowers elevated upon a 
long stalk 
Butomus, p. 
Placentas narrow. An aquatic itl sagitlnte leaves and 
elongated inflorescence. : . 
Carpels combined into a solid pistil. 
Sagittaria, p. 
Placentas parjetal. A climbing shrnb with 5-nerved ovate 
leaves and showy flowers ‘ . 
Placentas axile. 
Lapagevia, p. 
Petals rolled inwards after flowering. Aquatic herbs with 
cordate or oblong leaves and small blue flowers 
Pontederacee, p. 
Petals not rolled inwards after flowering. 
Anthers turned outwards. Capsule usually dehiscing sep- 
ticidally. Crocus-like plants or with broad couspi- 
cuously-nerved leaves and paniculate flowers, 
Melanthacee, p. 
Anthers turned inwards. Fruit when capsular dehiscing 
loculicidally. Herbs of very dissimilar habit and in- 
florescence, rarely shrubs . . 
B. Flowers without a distinct perianth, 
-§ Flowers glumaceous. 
. 
Liliaece, p. 
Tufted herbs with linear leaves, with a split sheath and hollow 
terete flower-stems 
Graminee, p. 
Tufted herbs with linear eaves: sheath ot pitt and usually 
angular solid flower-stems 
Cyperacea, yp. 
§§ Flowers naked or with a few bristles or hairs, and arranged on a 
spadix. 
Fruit baceate. Spadix usually more or less enveloped in a spathe, 
Fruit dry. Spadix naked, or spathe reduced to a bract 
b2 
Aroidee, p. 
Typhacee, p. 
532 
537 
461 
532 
532 
§3 
rat) 
533 
494 
438 
537 
461 
464 
