XVill Lntroductton. 
from North America, especially the north-western regions, 
between 40° and 60° N. lat., and Japan. From North America 
we have the gigantic Sequoias, the stately Piceas and Abies, 
and many species of Pinus, together with some of the hand- 
somest of the Cupressinee. Japan and Northern China furnish 
us with many beautiful forms of Biota orientalis, several species 
of Juniperus and Retinospora, and the peculiar forms illustrated 
by such species as Cephalotaxus drupacea, Thuiopsis dolabrata, 
Sciadopitys verticillata, Salisburia adiantifolia, Cunninghamia 
Sinensis, and Cryptomeria Japonica. In addition we have 
the hardy European species, a few from the mountains of 
India and Mexico, and one or two outliers, like Araucaria 
imbricata and Fitzroya Patagonica, from South America. Most 
of the Mexican species are too tender for our climate; but 
India furnishes us with a few of the handsomest species in cul- 
tivation, as, for example, Cedrus Deodara, and Pinus excelsa. 
Evergreen trees and shrubs not belonging to the Coniferous 
tribe sufficiently hardy for cultivation in the open air, are chiefly 
from the South of Europe and Japan. As examples of South 
European species we may name the Sweet Bay, Laurestine, 
Portugal and Common Laurels, Evergreen Oak, Phillyrea and 
Heaths. The Japanese region contributes the well-known Au- 
cuba, numerous forms of which have recently been introduced, 
Euonymus, Eurya, Berberis, Ligustrum coriaceum, and several 
others, most of which, however, are too tender, except for the 
warmer parts of the kingdom. Asia Minor contributes Rho- 
dodendron Ponticum, and North America, and the mountains 
of India are the native countries of most of the other cul- 
tivated species of this beautiful genus. Kalmia, and several 
other less important Ericace, are from North America. South 
America contributes Berberis Darwinii and other species, 
Escallonia species, Pernettya mucronata, Fabiana imbricata, 
Lardizabala biternata, and the quasi-deciduous Buddlea globosa. 
The eastern and central regions of North America are as 
rich in deciduous as the west is in evergreen trees, including 
numerous Oaks, Maples, Hickories, Chestnuts, and several 
Magnolias, Limes, Elms, Poplars, Robinias, and the Tulip 
Tree. Shrubs cultivated mainly for the beauty of their flowers 
are also abundantly represented in North America, ¢.g. Spiraea, 
