Violariee— Viola. 59 
normally yellow, with a few dark purple stripes. It is a native 
of the mountainous districts of Britain and the Continent, and 
will not succeed in dry hot situations. It is uncertain whether 
the Pansies of our gardens have sprung from this species alone, 
or whether V. altatca and V. Rothomagénsis have been inter- 
crossed with it to produce them; but from the experiments 
of various horticulturists it would appear that the former is 
the more probable source of their origin. Indeed, some are 
inclined to consider these ‘species’ as races of V. tricolor. 
However that may be, there is no doubt of the wondrous diver- 
sity and beauty of the cultivated varieties, ranging in colour 
from white, yellow, lilac, violet, and purple in different tints 
to nearly black, and others in which there is some combination 
of these colours. There is no longer the same rage as formerly 
for the named varieties, though some of the self-coloured ones 
are now extensively employed for massing. Pansies have long 
been cultivated; but Lady Mary Tennet, about the year 1812, 
assisted by her gardener Richardson, was the first to devote 
attention to the selection of fine varieties. 
2. V. calcarata.—A dwarf free-blooming species with 
numerous underground creeping stems. Leaves crenate, ovate 
or oblong-lanceolate ; stipules entire, 3-toothed, or pinnatifid. 
Spur as long as the petal, slender. Flowers large, pale blue. 
A variety called V. Zéysit has smaller yellow flowers. Switzer- 
land. 
3. V. cornuta.—Closely allied with the foregoing, but having 
broader less deeply crenate leaves, and of more erect growth. 
The stipules are not so deeply divided, and the flowers are of a 
darker blue. A native of the mountains of Europe. 
There are several varieties in cultivation which are referred 
to this species, and valuable on account of their profusion of 
flowers. 
§ 2. Nomimrum. Upper petals projecting forwards. Stipules 
not leafy. 
V. odorata. Sweet Violet.—This species is too well known 
to need description. It is the only one of this section in 
general cultivation. The varieties are numerous, double and 
single, violet, white, and mottled with the two colours, and 
some of them bloom nearly all the year round. ‘The variety 
called the Czar is one of the best, producing its long-stalked 
large blue fragrant flowers in the greatest profusion during 
