64 Caryophy lea—Dianthus. 
with a different colour from the white or yellow ground, some-~ 
times with the limb spotted or marked with the same or a 
different colour. In England, it appears, little importance in 
classification is attached to the presence or absence of fringe 
at the extremity of the petals. 
In France also Carnations are usually divided into three 
principal classes, which, however, are founded upon different 
characters. They are Grenadins, Flamands, and Fancies. 
The Grenadins are cultivated almost solely for the perfumes 
they afford. The flowers are of medium size, single or double, 
fringed, unicoloured, deep purple, violet, or verging upon 
chestnut brown, all exhaling a grateful odour. The Flamands 
(fig. 43) have large more or less double very round flowers, 
raised or convex in the centre, 
with the petals quite entire and 
unicoloured, or banded longitudi- 
nally with two or three distinctly 
,, defined colours or tints upon a 
@ white ground. The Fancies are 
? subdivided into German and 
English, with the petals either 
toothed or not, but marked or 
striped with two or three different 
colours upon a yellow ground of 
various shades in the former, and 
wholly white in the latter. It 
will thus be seen that the English 
Picotees belong to the French 
Fancies, and the Flakes and 
Bizarres with entire petals to the 
Fig. 43, Dianthus Caryophyllus, Bizarre Flamands. 
Saat ene A fourth class, called Prolifer- 
ous Carnations, was formerly cultivated, but plants of this class 
are now usually discarded. They are so excessively double that 
the buds split up one side instead of opening regularly, thus 
giving the flower a very ragged and untidy appearance. 
The Flamands are so numerous, and for the greater part so 
ephemeral, that it would be quite superfluous to enumerate 
them here. The merit of discovering the Perpetual Carnation 
is due to a French gardener, M. Dalmais, of Lyons, and since 
then many varieties possessing this unexpected auality have 
been raised by various horticulturists, 
